Chapter 7: Phonology

1. In the minimal pair examples "seal" [sɪl] and "zeal" [zɪl], which phonetic feature distinguishes the two phonemes [s] and [z]?

• Voicing: [s] is voiced, [z] is voiceless.
  

• Nasality: [s] is nasal, [z] is oral.
  

• 
  

  • Place of articulation: [s] is alveolar, [z] is palatal.
    
    

• • Voicing: [s] is voiceless, [z] is voiced.
    
    

1.  Which of the following feature values correctly describes the phonemes [b], [m], and [p] in terms of voicing, nasality, and labiality?

• • [b]: [+ voiced], [+ nasal], [+ labial]
    
    

  • [m]: [- voiced], [+ nasal], [+ labial]
    
    

  [p]: [- voiced], [- nasal], [+ labial]
  

• • [b]: [+ voiced], [- nasal], [+ labial]
    
    

  • [m]: [+ voiced], [+ nasal], [+ labial]
    
    

  [p]: [- voiced], [- nasal], [+ labial]
  

• • [b]: [+ voiced], [+ nasal], [- labial]
    
    

  • [m]: [+ voiced], [+ nasal], [+ labial]
    
    

  [p]: [- voiced], [- nasal], [+ labial]
  

• • [b]: [- voiced], [+ nasal], [+ labial]
    
    

  • [m]: [+ voiced], [+ nasal], [+ labial]
    
    

  [p]: [+ voiced], [- nasal], [+ labial]
  

Which of the following is correct regarding the role of nasality in English and French?

• • In English, nasality is distinctive for both consonants and vowels.
    
    

  In French, nasality is redundant for both consonants and vowels.
  

• • In English, nasality is distinctive for consonants but redundant for vowels.
    
    

  In French, nasality is distinctive for both vowels and consonants.
  

• • In English, nasality is redundant for both consonants and vowels.
    
    

  In French, nasality is only distinctive for vowels.
  

• • In English, nasality is redundant for vowels but distinctive for consonants.
    
    

  • In French, nasality is only distinctive for consonants.
    
    

 Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of nasal and oral vowels in different languages?

• In English, nasal and oral vowels are treated as distinct phonemes, while in French and Akan, they are allophones of a single phoneme.
  

• In English, nasal and oral vowels are allophones of a single phoneme, while in French and Akan, they are treated as distinct phonemes.
  

• In English, nasal and oral vowels are treated as distinct phonemes, while in French, they are allophones of a single phoneme, and in Akan, they are variants of a single phoneme.
  

• In English, nasal and oral vowels are allophones of a single phoneme, while in French, they are treated as variants of a single phoneme, and in Akan, they are distinct phonemes.
  

Why is vowel nasalization in English considered nonphonemic?

• Because it creates a contrast in meaning between words.
  

• Because it is predictable by rule and does not change the phonemic structure of the word

• Because it results in new phonemes, creating differences in word meaning.
  

• Because it only occurs before vowel sounds and does not involve nasal consonants.
  

Spoonerism is best described as:

• A speech error where the consonants of two words are swapped.
  

•  A deliberate alteration of vowels in speech.
  

•  A mistake in sentence structure.
  

• A form of speech that is intentionally used to confuse.

  
  

Consonant reversal in a slip of the tongue is when:

• A vowel is mistakenly pronounced in place of a consonant.
  

•  Two consonants from different words are swapped.
  

•  A consonant is omitted from a word.
  

•  A consonant sound is replaced by a different consonant.

  
  

Which allomorph is used before vowels and alveolar consonants?

• [in]

• [im]

• [inʲ]

• None of the above

  
  

Which of the following words uses the allomorph [in] before a vowel sound?

•  indefinable
  

• impossible
  

• inglorious
  

• intolerable

  
  

Which allomorph is used before labial consonants?

• [in]

•  [im]

• [inʲ]

• None of the above