American Political Attitudes and Polarization

What is ethnocentrism as defined by Donald Kinder and Cindy Kam?

• Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic, cultural, or national group

• Belief in the equality of all ethnic groups

• Belief in the inferiority of one's own ethnic group

• Belief in the superiority of all ethnic groups

What concept does Katherine Cramer introduce in 'The Politics of Resentment'?

• Rural consciousness

• Urban consciousness

• National consciousness

• Global consciousness

According to Ashley Jardina, what influences white Americans' political behavior?

• White identity and white consciousness

• Economic status

• Educational background

• Geographical location

What does Morris Fiorina argue about American public polarization?

• The American public is not deeply polarized

• The American public is deeply polarized

• The American public is moderately polarized

• The American public is extremely polarized

What does Alan Abramowitz contend about American voters?

• American voters have become increasingly polarized

• American voters have become less polarized

• American voters have remained the same

• American voters have become more moderate

What are the three dimensions of polarization emphasized by James Campbell?

• Partisan, ideological, and affective

• Economic, social, and cultural

• Geographical, political, and social

• Historical, cultural, and economic

What transformation does Lilliana Mason examine in 'Uncivil Disagreement'?

• American partisanship has transformed into a form of social identity

• American partisanship has transformed into a form of economic identity

• American partisanship has transformed into a form of cultural identity

• American partisanship has transformed into a form of geographical identity