The word “ungentlemanliness” shows that:

Speakers use morphological rules to build new words

Only full words are stored in the lexicon

Affixes are meaningless in modern English

What does syntax study?

Sentence structure and word order

In syntax, a constituent is:

A group of words functioning as a unit

What does the rule S → NP VP mean?

A sentence is made up of a noun phrase and a verb phrase

A verb phrase becomes a sentence

Sentences must start with a verb

In the rule VP → V (NP) (PP), what do the parentheses indicate?

The categories are ungrammatical

The categories must appear in that exact order

What does the sentence “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously” demonstrate?

Syntax is independent of semantics

The phrase “the girl with the red hat” passes the constituent test because:

It can stand alone in a question/answer pair

What is recursion in syntax?

B) Embedding phrases within phrases to make infinite sentences

In the sentence “The man with the telescope saw the boy,” what causes structural ambiguity?

Unclear attachment of the prepositional phrase

Which of the following is an example of lexical ambiguity?

I saw the man with the telescope

In transformational grammar, what is a trace (t)?

A position left behind after movement

What does a Phrase Structure (PS) Tree represent?

The hierarchical and constituent structure of a sentence

The number of morphemes in a sentence

The physical pronunciation of words

Which sentence shows a recursive structure?

Jill thought that Mary said that Phil likes broccoli.

What is productivity in language?

The capacity to produce infinite grammatical sentences using finite rules

Which of the following tree diagrams would demonstrate structural ambiguity?

Two trees with different attachments of a PP

The difference between a head-initial and a head-final language is:

Head-initial languages place the head of a phrase at the beginning, while head-final languages place it at the end.

Head-initial languages place the head of a phrase at the end, while head-final languages place it at the beginning.

Head-initial languages do not have a specific order for the head of a phrase, while head-final languages always place it at the end.

Head-initial languages always place the head of a phrase at the end, while head-final languages do not have a specific order.

What does the “( )” symbol mean in PS rules like NP → (Det) (AdjP) N (PP)?

The symbol indicates something is plural

What is a complement in syntax?

A phrase required to complete the meaning of the head

What is a D-Structure (deep structure)?

The base declarative structure before transformations

LING 2800 Lecture Final Prep

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99 questions

What is a morpheme?

Which of the following is a bound morpheme?

In the word rewash, what does the prefix “re-” indicate?

Which of these is a free morpheme that functions as a content word?

What type of morpheme is “-er” in the word “helper”?

What type of word formation is “brunch”?

Which of the following words shows infixation?

Which affix type changes the grammatical category of a word?

The word “ungentlemanliness” shows that:

What kind of morpheme is “-s” in “cats”?

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