Understanding Experimental Errors and Validity

What is a random error in an experiment?

• An error that occurs due to faulty equipment

• An error that occurs unpredictably and varies in magnitude

• An error that occurs due to incorrect calibration

• An error that occurs due to human bias

Which of the following is a type of systematic error?

• Parallax error

• Instrumental error

• Human error

• Random error

How can precision in measurements be described?

• The closeness of a measurement to the true value

• The consistency of repeated measurements

• The ability to measure small quantities

• The accuracy of a single measurement

What is the main difference between precision and accuracy?

• Precision refers to correctness, while accuracy refers to consistency

• Precision refers to consistency, while accuracy refers to correctness

• Precision and accuracy are the same

• Precision is more important than accuracy

Which factor does NOT affect the validity of an experiment?

• Sample size

• Random errors

• Systematic errors

• The colour of the equipment used

What is an example of a random error?

• A scale that is consistently off by 5 grams

• A stopwatch that sometimes starts late

• A ruler that is incorrectly marked

• A thermometer that reads 2°C too high

Which of the following is an example of a systematic error?

• Fluctuations in temperature readings

• A miscalibrated balance

• Variations in human reaction time

• Random noise in electronic measurements

How can accuracy in measurements be improved?

• By increasing the number of measurements

• By using more precise instruments

• By calibrating instruments correctly

• By repeating the experiment multiple times

What is the effect of systematic errors on experimental results?

• They increase the spread of data

• They cause a consistent bias in the results

• They have no effect on the results

• They make results more accurate

Which of the following is a method to reduce random errors?

• Calibrating instruments

• Using more precise instruments

• Taking multiple measurements and averaging

• Using a control group