Atomic Structure Question

A student learns that there are two types of particles in the nucleus of an atom. Which statement correctly describes the particles in the nucleus of an atom?

• The nucleus contains positively charged protons and negatively charged neutrons.

• The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons.

• The nucleus contains negatively charged electrons and positively charged neutrons.

• The nucleus contains negatively charged electrons and neutrally charged protons.

A group of researchers are looking for alternatives to traditional joint replacement surgeries that typically rely on traditional metals. The table compares 3D-printed titanium joints with traditionally designed titanium joints. Which table describes an advantage and a disadvantage of using 3D-printed joints instead of traditional metals in joint replacement?

• Advantage: low risk of infection, Disadvantage: uncommon method

• Advantage: customized for each patient, Disadvantage: stronger than bone

• Advantage: improved alignment to bone, Disadvantage: new technologies required

• Advantage: high success rate, Disadvantage: high cost

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

NGSS.MS-ETS1-3

Which statement describing cells is true?

• Cells with small vacuoles are stronger than cells with large vacuoles.

• Cells with cell walls are stronger than cells without cell walls.

• Cells with a nucleus are smaller than cells without a nucleus.

• Cells with cell membranes are smaller than cells without cell membranes.

Based on the model in Diagram 2, which process is the coral performing?

• calcium carbonate

• photosynthesis

• respiration

• zooxanthellae

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which two statements explain how corals get the energy they need to live and grow?

• A. Corals build their own skeletons by rearranging calcium atoms into a molecule called calcium carbonate.

• B. Many corals rely on a relationship with algae that provides the corals with carbon dioxide and water, which the corals use during photosynthesis.

• C. Many corals rely on a relationship with algae that provides the corals with oxygen and sugar, which the corals use during respiration.

• D. Corals are consumers that can perform chemical reactions to break down the nutrients in food to release stored energy.

• E. Corals are primary producers that can perform chemical reactions to rearrange carbon dioxide and water molecules into molecules of oxygen and sugar.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

What is similar between the survival strategies of corals that primarily filter feed and corals that rely on a relationship with algae?

• In both methods of survival, food is broken down, and the molecules are rearranged through chemical reactions to release stored chemical energy.

• In both methods of survival, carbon dioxide is broken down, and the molecules are rearranged through chemical reactions to release stored chemical energy.

• In both methods of survival, corals store light energy as chemical energy through photosynthesis.

• In both methods of survival, corals store chemical energy as light energy through photosynthesis.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Some scientists are concerned about the effects of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) on the health of corals. SPM can be any type of matter that is suspended in water, making it appear more cloudy and less clear. SPM includes inorganic matter, decaying organic matter, and even microorganisms. Which statement best describes why high levels of SPM can have a negative effect on how carbon is cycled by coral?

• High levels of SPM can decrease the light energy that corals need to use the biotic carbon that they produce.

• High levels of SPM can decrease the light energy that algae need to convert abiotic carbon into biotic carbon that the coral can use.

• High levels of SPM can increase the light energy that corals need to use the biotic carbon that they produce.

• High levels of SPM can increase the light energy that algae need to convert abiotic carbon into biotic carbon that the coral can use.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

A scientist plans an experiment to learn how Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) affects the growth rate of tropical corals. The scientist begins the experiment by filling two aquariums with seawater and placing the same species of coral in each aquarium. The aquariums are exposed to the same amount of sunlight. The mass of coral in each aquarium is measured after 6 weeks and recorded in Table 1. Table 1. Coral Masses | | Aquarium 1 | Aquarium 2 | |----------------|------------|------------| | Starting Mass | 500 g | 500 g | | Final Mass | 700 g | 550 g | The scientist did not record which aquarium contains SPM. Which aquarium has SPM, and how does the scientist know?

• A. Aquarium 1 contains the SPM, and the scientist knows that because the growth rate is faster as more carbon is able to be absorbed by the coral.

• B. Aquarium 1 contains the SPM, and the scientist knows that because the growth rate is slower as less carbon is able to be absorbed by the coral.

• C. Aquarium 2 contains the SPM, and the scientist knows that because the growth rate is faster as more carbon is able to be absorbed by the coral.

• D. Aquarium 2 contains the SPM, and the scientist knows that because the growth rate is slower as less carbon is able to be absorbed by the coral.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

The graph shows the total volume of glaciers covering mountains on Earth. The total change in volume is tracked from 1970 to 2020. During this same time period, human use of fossil fuels increases every year as industrialization increases in many parts of the world. Which conclusion is best supported by the data?

• Glaciers are unaffected by human activity, and climate change is a natural process.

• Human activities reduced glacier melt by consuming more oxygen from the atmosphere.

• By regulating global temperatures, human activities have slowed the rate of glacier melt.

• Human activities have indirectly enhanced the glacier melt rate by increasing greenhouse gases.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-ESS3-5

During a science experiment, a student observes two different organisms (X and Y) using a microscope. The table shows images of the organisms. Complete the table to describe organism X and organism Y. Organism X: ?

• Multicellular

• Unicellular

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NGSS.MS-LS1-1