AP Biology Topic 8.7 Disruptions to Ecosystems

Biodiversity, aka biological diversity, usually refers to

• the same species in a general location

• the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

• the number of animal species in a given area

• the number of plant species in a given area

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What is an invasive species?

• A native (naturally found) species which are added to an area. 
• A non-native (not naturally found) species added to an area. 
• A keystone species in an environment
• none of the above

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The lionfish, a predatory species native to the Indo-Pacific, has become invasive in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. Which of the following best explains its impact on local reef ecosystems?

• Lionfish prey on native reef fish, reducing biodiversity and altering food webs

• Lionfish improve reef health by consuming coral-eating species

• Lionfish compete with native herbivores, leading to algal overgrowth on reefs

• Lionfish increase biodiversity by providing food for native predators

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What is the impact of invasive species on native species?

• They have no impact

• They compete for resources

• They help in the growth of native species

• They increase biodiversity

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How do MOST invasive species get to new areas where they don't naturally belong?

• Humans transport them to new areas accidentally or on purpose

• Sudden mutations that enable long-distance dispersal

• Natural migration due to seasonal changes

• Changes in Earth's magnetic field that alter animal navigation

What is something that is common to most invasive species?

• they don't have many predators in their new area

• they don't live long

• they can't have babies in the new area

• they can't eat anything in the new area

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The introduction of the zebra mussel to North American freshwater systems has led to declines in native mussel populations. What explains this disruption?

• Zebra mussels improve water quality for native species

• Native species evolved to rely on zebra mussels for food

• Zebra mussels prevent eutrophication in lakes

• Zebra mussels outcompete native mussels for resources

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Which human activity is most directly associated with habitat fragmentation and reduced biodiversity?

• Rotating agricultural crops

• Urban development and deforestation

• Use of wind energy

• Conservation of wetlands

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A population of insects shows variation in body coloration, ranging from light brown to dark brown. After a wildfire scorches the environment, the ground becomes darker in color. Over several generations, the frequency of dark brown individuals increases. What is the most likely explanation for this change?

• Light brown insects changed color in response to the fire.

• The wildfire caused a mutation for dark coloration in every individual.

• The dark brown coloration was learned from parental insects.

• The environment selected for a preexisting variation that provided camouflage.

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Which of the following best describes how environmental pressures interact with genetic variation in a population?

• Preexisting genetic variations can become advantageous if the environment changes.

• Organisms without advantageous traits can evolve them within a single lifetime.

• Random variations always lead to decreased survival.

• Environmental changes create new traits in organisms to help them adapt.

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