Genetics- Punnett Squares

How many chromosomes do humans have?

• 44 chromosomes

• 46 chromosomes

• 48 chromosomes

• 50 chromosomes

What is a Punnett Square?

• A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

• A tool for measuring the height of plants in genetics studies.

• A method for calculating the age of fossils in paleontology.

• A chart used to track the migration patterns of animals.

What is a gene?

• A gene is a segment of RNA that codes for proteins.

• A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for the development of a specific trait or function in an organism.

• A gene is a type of protein that regulates cellular functions.

• A gene is a molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the next.

What is genetic mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits or functions.

• A process that only occurs in plants and not in animals.

• An irreversible change in the environment that affects genetic material.

• A method of cloning organisms for agricultural purposes.

What is the law of segregation?

• The law of segregation states that traits are inherited independently of one another.

• The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

• The law of segregation states that dominant alleles mask the effects of recessive alleles.

• The law of segregation states that all alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

If parent 1 and parent 2 are both heterozygous for a trait, what is the probability that the offspring will express the dominant phenotype?

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

What is the genotype?

• The physical appearance of an organism.

• The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

• The environment in which an organism lives.

• The process of cell division in organisms.

What is the law of independent assortment?

• The law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

• The law of independent assortment states that alleles for the same trait are inherited together.

• The law of independent assortment states that traits are inherited in a fixed ratio.

• The law of independent assortment states that dominant traits always mask recessive traits.

What does homozygous mean?

• Having two identical alleles for a particular gene, such as TT or tt.

• Having two different alleles for a particular gene, such as Tt.

• Having one allele for a gene and no allele for another gene.

• Having multiple alleles for a single gene.

What is the phenotype?

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

• The process of natural selection acting on a population.

• The environmental factors affecting an organism's development.