Psychology Theories and Concepts

Definition of Cultural Dimensions

• The perspectives of a culture based on values and norms, such as individualism vs. collectivism.

• A measure of economic growth in a society.

• The study of historical events in a culture.

• The analysis of political systems in different countries.

Definition of Rational/Intuitive Thinking

• Rational thinking is based on gut feelings; intuitive thinking involves logical reasoning.

• Rational thinking involves logical reasoning; intuitive thinking is based on gut feelings.

• Rational thinking is a form of emotional reasoning; intuitive thinking is purely analytical.

• Rational thinking is always correct; intuitive thinking is never reliable.

Definition of Culture

• The shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group.

• A set of rules governing behavior in society.

• The study of ancient civilizations and their artifacts.

• A type of music that represents a specific region.

Definition of Experiments

• Field, True, Natural, and Quasi experiments, each differing in control and setting.

• Laboratory, Controlled, Observational, and Longitudinal experiments, each differing in duration and method.

• Single-blind, Double-blind, Triple-blind, and Open-label experiments, each differing in participant awareness.

• Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed-method, and Case study experiments, each differing in data type.

Definition of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

• A theory that emphasizes the role of observational learning, imitation, and modeling in behavior.

• A theory that focuses solely on genetic influences on behavior.

• A theory that suggests behavior is entirely shaped by environmental factors without any cognitive processes.

• A theory that posits behavior is learned through direct reinforcement only.

Definition of Social Identity Theory (SIT)

• A theory that explains how group membership influences self-concept and behavior.

• A theory that focuses on individual personality traits and their impact on social interactions.

• A theory that suggests social behavior is primarily driven by economic factors.

• A theory that emphasizes the role of genetics in shaping social relationships.

Definition of Localization

• The concept that specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific functions.

• The process of adapting a product or content to a specific locale or market.

• The ability to identify and analyze different types of data.

• The method of organizing information in a hierarchical structure.

Definition of Working Memory

• A system for temporarily holding and manipulating information.

• A long-term storage system for memories.

• A method for enhancing cognitive abilities.

• A technique for improving physical performance.

Definition of Dual Process Theory

• A model that describes two systems of thinking: System 1 (fast, automatic) and System 2 (slow, deliberate).

• A theory that suggests all decisions are made through emotional responses.

• A framework that categorizes thinking into logical and illogical processes.

• A concept that explains how memory retrieval works in the brain.

Definition of Enculturation

• The process by which individuals learn and adopt the norms of their culture.

• A method of cultural exchange between different societies.

• The act of imposing one's culture on another.

• The study of cultural artifacts and their meanings.