DNA and RNA Unit Exam

What is the basic structural unit of DNA?

• Nucleotide

• Amino acid

• Ribosome

• Codon

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

• rRNA

• tRNA

• mRNA

• snRNA

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• Ligase

• Helicase

What is the role of tRNA in the process of translation?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• It forms the structure of the ribosome.

• It transcribes DNA into RNA.

• It splices introns from pre-mRNA.

Which of the following best describes a gene mutation?

• A change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA

• A change in the number of chromosomes

• A change in the structure of a protein

• A change in the cell membrane composition

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Explain how the structure of DNA allows it to be replicated.

• The double helix structure allows for easy separation of strands.

• The single-stranded nature allows for easy copying.

• The circular structure allows for continuous replication.

• The presence of uracil allows for easy pairing.

Differentiate between the roles of mRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis.

• mRNA carries amino acids; tRNA carries genetic information.

• mRNA carries genetic information; tRNA carries amino acids.

• Both mRNA and tRNA carry genetic information.

• Both mRNA and tRNA carry amino acids.

Describe the process of transcription in eukaryotic cells.

• DNA is replicated to form two identical strands.

• RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins from mRNA.

• tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome.

How does a mutation in a DNA sequence affect protein synthesis?

• It always results in a nonfunctional protein.

• It may change the amino acid sequence of the protein.

• It has no effect on the protein produced.

• It always results in a longer protein.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Analyze the impact of a frameshift mutation on the resulting protein.

• It results in a protein with a single amino acid change.

• It results in a protein with a completely different sequence.

• It results in a protein that is longer than normal.

• It results in a protein that is shorter than normal.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2