A newly opened bookstore assigns roles such as inventory management, customer service, and social media promotion. Which organizing step does this represent?

• Establishing authority

• Grouping tasks

• Delegating responsibilities

• Identifying and dividing work

If a manager does not clarify who employees should report to, which principle of organizing is neglected?

• Unity of direction

• Span of control

• Chain of command

• Division of labor

A hospital categorizes staff into departments like pediatrics, surgery, and radiology. This exemplifies:

• Centralization

• Departmentalization

• Delegation

• Span of control

Which principle ensures that employees understand their roles and managers can enforce accountability?

• Authority and responsibility

• Unity of command

• Division of labor

• Coordination

A tech startup combines its customer support and technical teams to improve efficiency. Which organizing step is this?

• Defining goals

• Grouping tasks

• Assigning authority

• Establishing relationships

Which step in organizing fosters collaboration between departments?

• Defining hierarchy

• Departmentalization

• Establishing communication channels

• Identifying tasks

A salesperson is tasked with meeting targets but cannot approve discounts. What principle is missing?

• Authority

• Coordination

• Span of control

• Unity of direction

A retail chain creates separate divisions for clothing, electronics, and home goods. Which structure is this?

• Functional

• Divisional

• Matrix

• Network

A family-owned bakery where the owner handles all decisions uses which structure?

• Bureaucratic

• Simple

• Team-based

• Virtual

Which structure allows employees to report to both functional and project managers?

• Matrix

• Divisional

• Network

• Functional