Why is globalization said to undermine nation-states’ sovereignty?

• It encourages authoritarianism

• It forces states to align with civilizational identities

• It increases cross-border flows that limit autonomous decisions

• It eliminates the need for regional cooperation

What does regionalization offer in response to globalization’s pressure?

• A withdrawal from global trade

• A potential balance through cooperative frameworks

• Complete cultural independence

• Full restoration of national isolation

How did the post-Cold War era change the course of globalization?

• It isolated Asia from global flows

• It strengthened colonial powers

• It removed geopolitical constraints and encouraged interdependence

• It decreased trade among regions

Why might regional economic integration be considered a form of “confidence-building”?

• It reduces trade dependence on foreign powers

• It supports stronger national militaries

• It encourages cultural nationalism

• It prevents countries from forming strategic alliances

Why is the definition of “region” debated in regionalization studies?

• Political alliances don’t affect geography

• Cultural identity defines regions, not geography

• Regions vary based on geography, culture, and economics

• It is legally fixed by the UN

How do economic motivations drive modern regionalism in Asia?

• They reduce global financial flows

• They allow state-owned companies to exit the market

• They help regain control over capital and open up new opportunities

• They promote protectionism only

What is the contradiction in macro-regionalization as a concept?

• It supports both nationalism and regionalism

• It promotes cultural isolation

• It demands sovereignty but reduces national autonomy

• It supports hegemony from weaker nations

Why can regionalization be both a complement and a counter to globalization?

• It encourages competition over cooperation

• It reinforces national ideologies

• It mitigates global risks while embracing interdependence

• It replaces globalization entirely

What does the concentration of wealth among the top 1% indicate about globalization?

• It ensures equitable distribution

• It promotes rural development

• It results in growing inequalities alongside progress

• It has made poverty obsolete

How does the example of the EU (France-Germany relations) demonstrate regionalism’s power?

• It caused territorial fragmentation

• It led to NATO disintegration

• It helped reconcile historical enemies through cooperation

• It enforced nationalism