Family Planning and Contraception

Cervical mucus method

• Changes in texture and amount at different times in the menstrual cycle.

• Remains constant throughout the menstrual cycle.

• Is only affected by hormonal medications.

• Is not related to fertility.

Advantages of Mini-Pill

• 99% effective if taken on time.

• Can cause weight gain.

• Can be used to treat acne.

• Increases the risk of blood clots.

Withdrawal Method

• Involves removing the penis before ejaculation, but is unreliable due to potential semen leakage.

• A method that involves using a condom to prevent pregnancy.

• A surgical procedure to permanently prevent pregnancy.

• A hormonal treatment that regulates ovulation.

Abstention

• 100% reliable as there is no intercourse, thus no risk of pregnancy.

• May lead to increased intimacy between partners.

• Can be used as a method of contraception.

• Always causes tension in relationships.

Intrauterine device (IUD) or coil: How it works

• The IUD releases hormones to prevent ovulation.

• The IUD releases copper into the womb, altering cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching an egg.

• The IUD is a surgical procedure to block the fallopian tubes.

• The IUD is a pill taken daily to prevent pregnancy.

Injection (Progesterone) - How it Works

• The contraceptive injection releases the hormone progestogen into the bloodstream, preventing the release of an egg each month (ovulation).

• The injection causes the ovaries to produce more eggs each month.

• The injection increases estrogen levels to enhance fertility.

• The injection prevents the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.

Advantages of the vaginal ring

• Easy to put in and take out.

• Requires daily attention.

• Affected by vomiting or diarrhea.

• May help with premenstrual symptoms and reduce cancer risk.

Advantages of male condoms

• Reliable when used correctly.

• Can cause allergic reactions in some individuals.

• Protects both partners from STIs.

• Requires a prescription to obtain.

Disadvantages of male condoms

• May split or tear if not used properly.

• They are 100% effective against STIs.

• They can be reused multiple times.

• They are always comfortable for everyone.

Diaphragm or cap effectiveness

• 85% effective if used correctly.

• 92% effective if used correctly.

• 78% effective if used correctly.

• 95% effective if used correctly.