Quizs- Ch 14 Notes Part I Mendel

Mendel's choice of plant for genetic study.

• Garden pea plant

• Corn plant

• Fruit fly

• Wheat plant

Genotype

• An organism's actual genetic makeup; their set of alleles. Examples include BB, Bb, bb

• The physical expression of a trait; how it appears in an organism.

• The combination of environmental factors that influence an organism's traits.

• A type of mutation that alters the DNA sequence.

What does FOIL stand for in Genetics?

• FOIL stands for First, Outside, Inside, Last, used to determine possible gametes.

• First, Outside, Inside, Lateral

• First, Outside, Internal, Last

• First, Outside, Inside, Lateral

Mendel studied 7 different traits.

• Seed shape, seed color, pod color, plant height, flower color, pod shape, and flower position.

• Leaf shape, root color, stem height, flower size, seed texture, pod length, and flower arrangement.

• Fruit color, leaf size, stem thickness, flower type, seed weight, pod width, and plant age.

• Root shape, seed texture, pod color, plant height, flower color, leaf position, and stem length.

Gregor Mendel

• An Austrian monk who studied genetics in the 1800s.

• A famous physicist known for his work on electromagnetism.

• A biologist who discovered the structure of DNA in the 1900s.

• A chemist who developed the periodic table of elements.

Describe the parental generation and first generation in Mendel's 2 gene cross experiments

• The diagram illustrates the cross-pollination from different plants, showing the parental generation (RRYY x rryy) and the resulting first generation (RrYy).

• RRYY x RrYy produces RrYy

• rryy x RrYy produces RrYy

• RRYY x RrYy produces rryy

Homozygous: an individual that inherits 2 identical alleles for a gene

• BB or bb

• Aa or Bb

• AB or ab

• AA or aa

Traits are inherited independent of each other.

• Alleles for different traits are inherited together.

• Traits are inherited in pairs from each parent.

• Traits are inherited independently due to random assortment during meiosis.

• All traits are linked and inherited as a single unit.

Law of Independent Assortment

• Each set of homologous chromosomes lines up and separates randomly during meiosis I, producing different combinations of gametes.

  (This is Mendel's 5th principle)

• All alleles segregate together during gamete formation.

• Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material during meiosis II.

• Gametes are formed by the fusion of somatic cells.

Process used to reproduce the F₂ generation

• He allowed the F₁ plants to self-pollinate and reproduce (Tt x Tt).

• He cross-pollinated the F₁ plants with a different variety.

• He used a cloning method to replicate the F₁ plants.

• He allowed the F₁ plants to grow without any pollination.