Principles of Programming Set 5

What is Chomsky's Hierarchy based on?

• Performance
• AI use
• Grammar complexity
• Indentation rules
• Storage size

Answer explanation

It classifies languages by grammar type.

What is an advantage of using a JIT compiler over interpretation alone?

• Simpler syntax
• More memory overhead
• Slower execution
• Runtime optimization
• No need for profiling

Answer explanation

JIT compiles and optimizes code as it's being used during runtime.

What kind of data structure is a dictionary in Python?

• Set
• Tuple
• Map
• Hash table
• List

Answer explanation

A dictionary is an implementation of a hash table.

What is a key function of a shell in CLI environments?

• Create spreadsheets
• Interpret user commands
• Encrypt files
• Run markdown
• Build GUIs

Answer explanation

The shell executes user-typed commands.

Which languages are considered high-level languages (HLLs)?

• Assembly and C
• Python and Java
• Machine code and Go
• Binary and Rust
• Shell and HTML

Answer explanation

Which languages are considered high-level languages (HLLs)?

Which operator is used for exponentiation?

• ^
• **
• pow
• ^*
• ^^

Answer explanation

** is used to raise powers in Python.

Which paradigm sends messages instead of calling methods?

• OOP message-passing
• Procedural
• Declarative
• Structured
• C++

Answer explanation

This is seen in Smalltalk and Self.

How are CLI tools commonly used in programming?

• To compile books
• To write music
• To run compilers and tools like git
• To render web pages
• To design logos

Answer explanation

CLI tools are used to run interpreters, compilers, Git, etc.

Which keyword is used to define a function?

• define
• def
• func
• fn
• declare

Answer explanation

Python uses def to define functions.

What role does abstraction play in programming generations?

• Defines syntax
• Reduces file size
• Hides complexity
• Causes errors
• Replaces OOP

Answer explanation

Abstraction hides lower-level details.