Biology EOC Review- NC

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

• Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.

• Chloroplasts store water and nutrients for the plant.

• Chloroplasts provide structural support to the plant cell.

• Chloroplasts are involved in cellular respiration.

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What is the significance of the cell membrane?

• It provides structural support to the cell.

• It regulates what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

• It stores genetic information for the cell.

• It produces energy for the cell.

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What is the ultimate source of energy in any food chain?

• The sun

• The moon

• Wind

• Water

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Describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells lack these features.

• Prokaryotic cells are larger and more complex than eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.

• Prokaryotic cells reproduce sexually, while eukaryotic cells reproduce asexually.

What are the three main types of RNA and their functions?

• mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information, tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes, rRNA (ribosomal RNA) makes up the ribosome.

• mRNA (messenger RNA) helps in DNA replication, tRNA (transfer RNA) synthesizes proteins, rRNA (ribosomal RNA) transports amino acids.

• mRNA (messenger RNA) is involved in protein folding, tRNA (transfer RNA) carries genetic information, rRNA (ribosomal RNA) catalyzes chemical reactions.

• mRNA (messenger RNA) is a structural component of the cell, tRNA (transfer RNA) carries out cellular respiration, rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is involved in cell division.

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What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

• To produce energy for the cell

• To house the cell's genetic material (DNA) and control cellular activities

• To transport nutrients throughout the cell

• To synthesize proteins

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Explain the role of decomposers in an ecosystem.

• Decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

• Decomposers produce energy through photosynthesis.

• Decomposers compete with producers for sunlight and nutrients.

• Decomposers are organisms that consume living plants and animals.

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Define photosynthesis and its importance to life on Earth.

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, producing oxygen and glucose, essential for life.

• Photosynthesis is the process by which animals convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

• Photosynthesis is the method by which fungi absorb nutrients from their environment, contributing to soil health.

• Photosynthesis is the way in which bacteria produce energy through chemical reactions in extreme environments.

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What is the process of transcription in protein synthesis?

• Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

• Transcription is the process of translating RNA into protein.

• Transcription is the process of replicating DNA for cell division.

• Transcription is the process of modifying proteins after synthesis.

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Which cell organelle is known as 'The Powerhouse' and is responsible for producing energy (ATP) in the cell?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

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