Unit 6 vocabulary Review

What is the function of the 5' cap in eukaryotic mRNA?

• It initiates DNA replication.

• It protects mRNA from degradation.

• It signals the end of protein synthesis.

• It binds to tRNA molecules.

Which process allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins in eukaryotic cells?

• Anticodon pairing

• Frameshift mutation

• Alternative RNA splicing

• CRISPR-Cas9 editing

What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis?

• It synthesizes mRNA.

• It charges tRNA with the correct amino acid.

• It edits DNA sequences.

• It forms peptide bonds between amino acids.

What is an anticodon?

• A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA.

• A sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA.

• A sequence of amino acids in a protein.

• A sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

What is the function of the CRISPR-Cas9 system?

• It synthesizes proteins.

• It edits DNA sequences.

• It transcribes RNA.

• It replicates DNA.

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that changes a single nucleotide.

• A mutation that results from insertion or deletion of nucleotides not in multiples of three.

• A mutation that duplicates a segment of DNA.

• A mutation that inverts a segment of DNA.

What is gene editing?

• A process to express genes in an organism

• Technologies to make precise changes to DNA

• A method to translate RNA into proteins

• A type of mutation in DNA

Which process involves transcription and translation for protein-coding genes?

• Gene editing

• Gene expression

• Insertion

• Mutation

What is an insertion mutation?

• A change in a single nucleotide pair

• A type of mutation where nucleotide pairs are added to DNA

• A mutation that results in a premature stop codon

• A non-coding segment of a gene

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

• To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

• To splice introns from RNA

• To add a poly-A tail to RNA

• To cause frameshift mutations