Hash functions are _________ algorithms that generate a________ or ________(sometimes called a fingerprint) to confirm the __________ of a specific ________ and to ________ that there have not been any__________ to the content.

What is a cryptographic hash function?
A cryptographic hash function is a ____ function; that is, an _____ that takes an _________ ___________ of data and returns a ___________ bit string, the (cryptographic) hash ___________ , such that any (accidental or intentional) ___________ to the data will ___________ the hash___________ .

How many main properties does the ideal cryptographic hash function have?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

How many information security applications do Cryptographic hash functions have?
Cryptographic hash functions have ______ information security applications, notably in __________ , ___________ , and other __________ of authentication.

Why are hash functions considered one-way operations? (Tại sao hàm băm được xem là phép toán một chiều?)

Hash functions are considered one-way operations in that the ______ message always provides the _____ hash______, but the hash value _____ cannot be used to______ the ______ of the message.

Why are hash functions widely used in e-commerce?
hash functions confirm _______ ________ and _______, both of which are critical functions in e-commerce

What does SHS stand for? What is it?
SHS stands for ____________

What does SHS stand for? What is it?
The Secure Hash Standard (SHS) is a standard issued by the ______________ (NIST).

What are hash algorithms?
Hash algorithms are _____ functions that create a ____ _____, also known as a ________ ____, by _________ _______-length messages into a _________ ______-length value.

What is a measurement of the strength of the algorithm against collision attacks?
The _______ of _______ used in the _______ _________ is a measurement of the strength of the algorithm against collision attacks.