DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis EOC Review

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?

• Genes are segments of DNA that are organized into chromosomes.

• Chromosomes are segments of genes that are organized into DNA.

• DNA is a segment of chromosomes that are organized into genes.

• Genes are segments of chromosomes that are organized into DNA.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

If a DNA molecule is composed of 20% adenine (A), what percentage of the molecule is guanine (G)?

• 20%

• 30%

• 40%

• 60%

Using a codon chart, determine which amino acid is coded by the mRNA codon UAC.

• Methionine

• Tyrosine

• Serine

• Valine

How does a mutation in DNA affect protein synthesis?

• It always results in a nonfunctional protein.

• It can change the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.

• It has no effect on the protein produced.

• It only affects the protein if it occurs in a non-coding region.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

• The conversion of DNA into RNA.

• The conversion of RNA into DNA.

• The conversion of RNA into protein.

• The conversion of protein into RNA.

What role does mRNA play in protein synthesis?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• It forms the structure of the ribosome.

• It serves as a template for assembling amino acids into a protein.

• It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.

Which of the following processes involves the synthesis of a polypeptide chain at the ribosome?

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Mutation

How does the structure of DNA determine the structure of proteins?

• The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

• The length of the DNA strand determines the size of the protein.

• The number of DNA strands determines the number of proteins produced.

• The shape of the DNA molecule determines the shape of the protein.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Given the DNA strand: ATGCGTACG, what is the sequence of the mRNA and the first two amino acids in the resulting protein?

• mRNA: UACGCAUGC-; Amino acids: Tyrosine, Alanine

• mRNA: UACGCAUGC-; Amino acids: Methionine, Arginine

• mRNA: UACGCAUGC-; Amino acids: Methionine, Cysteine

• mRNA: -UACGCAUGC; Amino acids: Methionine, Threonine

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following is a result of a point mutation in a gene?

• A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

• The deletion of an entire chromosome.

• The duplication of a gene segment.

• The inversion of a chromosome segment.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2