Mastering Python Functions and Modules

Define a function in Python and provide an example.

• def subtract(a, b): return a - b

• def multiply(a, b): return a / b

• def add(a, b): return a + b

• def divide(a, b): return a * b

How do you call a function in Python? Give an example.

• function:example()

• exampleFunction[]

• example_function()

• callFunctionExample()

What happens when you pass a list (mutable) to a function?

• Modifications to the list within the function affect the original list.

• The function cannot modify the list at all.

• The list is converted to a string before being passed to the function.

• The list is copied, and modifications do not affect the original.

Explain how passing a tuple (immutable) to a function works.

• Passing a tuple to a function provides access to its elements without allowing modification of the original tuple.

• Passing a tuple allows modification of its elements.

• Tuples are converted to lists when passed to a function.

• Tuples can only be passed by reference, not by value.

What is a lambda function? Provide a simple example.

• Example: lambda x: x * 2

• Example: def add(x): return x + 2

• lambda function is a type of variable

• lambda functions cannot take parameters

How do you import a standard module in Python? Give an example.

• using math as m

• include math

• import math

• import numpy

What is the purpose of the dir() function in Python?

• To execute a function in Python

• To create a new object in Python

• The purpose of the dir() function is to list the attributes and methods of an object.

• To import modules in Python

Differentiate between positional and keyword arguments in function calls.

• Positional arguments can only be used in class methods.

• Positional arguments are ordered, keyword arguments are named.

• Both positional and keyword arguments are always required.

• Positional arguments are named, keyword arguments are ordered.

How can you pass a default argument to a function? Provide an example.

• def greet(name='Guest', greeting='Hi'): return f'{greeting}, {name}!'

• def greet(name='Guest'): return f'Hello, {name}!' # Example usage: print(greet()) # Output: Hello, Guest! print(greet('Alice')) # Output: Hello, Alice!

• def greet(name='User', age=30): return f'Hello, {name}!'

• def greet(name): return f'Hello, {name}!'

Write a lambda function that adds two numbers and call it.

• add = lambda x, y: x + y; result = add(3, 5); print(result)

• add = lambda x, y: x / y; result = add(3, 5); print(result)

• add = lambda x, y: x * y; result = add(3, 5); print(result)

• add = lambda x, y: x - y; result = add(3, 5); print(result)