Energy Flow (AP BIO)

A biological community is made up of many populations of ___ species.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Communities can be found in a range of sizes but are all described by their species___ and diversity.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-5

___ refers to the various species found within a community.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-5

The fundamental ___ comprises all the abiotic conditions under which a species could survive when adverse biotic conditions are absent.

Place the following methods of obtaining nutrients and examples of the types of organisms that use them into the correct category.

Groups:

(a) Autotrophs

,

(b) Heterotrophs

,

(c) Chemoautotrophs

• include animals, fungi, and some bacteria

• use sunlight for energy

• include certain bacteria and archaea
• rely on autotrophs for energy

• use inorganic compounds as energy sources
• obtain energy by consuming other organisms

• producers

• cannot produce their own food

• obtain energy from chemical reactions
• carry out photosynthesis

• convert inorganic substances into organic matter

• found in extreme environments
• include plants and some bacteria

• do not require sunlight for energy
• play a vital role in food chains

• play a role in nutrient cycling
• play a crucial role in ecosystems

• consumers

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Energy flow and chemical cycling:

Correctly label the following parts of the image depicting chemical cycling and energy flow in an ecosystem.

d

f

g

h

i

solar energy

chemical energy

fermentation

decomposers

inorganic nutrient pool

consumers

cellular respiration

photosynthesis

producers

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Food chains vs food webs

Classify the following as characteristic of a food web, energy pyramid, or a food chain.

Groups:

(a) Food web

,

(b) Food Chain

,

(c) Energy Pyramid

• Linear sequence of organisms where each is eaten by the next

• Typically starts with a primary producer

• Can be represented as a simple diagram

• Predator-prey dynamics in an ecosystem

• Effects of environmental changes on food webs

• Multiple species interacting within an ecosystem

• Complex relationships among various organisms

• Helps in understanding energy flow in ecosystems

• Role of decomposers in nutrient cycling

• Energy transfer between different trophic levels

• Illustrates direct feeding relationships

• Distribution of energy in an ecosystem

• Interconnecting paths of energy flow demonstrated through feeding relationships

• Shows how energy is transferred from one organism to another

• Impact of keystone species on community structure

• Examples include grass -> rabbit -> fox

• Each level represents a different trophic level

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Water cycle -

Label the figure with the steps in the water cycle.

a

b

c

d

e

evaporation & transpiration

sublimation

condensation

runoff

precipitation

evaporation

artesian 

nitrogen fixation

precipitation over oceans

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

As nitrogen cycles through an ecosystem, it must first be ___, or converted to ammonium.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The weathering of rocks provides ___, which cycles locally in both terrestrial and aquatic biomes.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-3