DNA Structure and Function Concepts

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• Genetic information flows from RNA to DNA to protein.

• Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

• Genetic information flows from protein to RNA to DNA.

• Genetic information flows from RNA to protein to DNA.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where it is translated into proteins.

• mRNA helps in the replication of DNA during cell division.

• mRNA is responsible for the transport of amino acids to the ribosomes.

• mRNA acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions.

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication in the nucleus.

• Ribosomes help in the transport of nutrients across the cell membrane.

• Ribosomes are involved in the breakdown of waste materials in the cell.

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

• adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

• adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

• adenine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil

• guanine, thymine, cytosine, and adenine

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains ribose sugar and uracil, while RNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine.

• DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine, while RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil.

• DNA and RNA are identical in structure and function.

• DNA contains uracil and ribose sugar, while RNA contains thymine and deoxyribose sugar.

What is a pyrimidine?

• A type of nitrogenous base with a double-ring structure

• A type of nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; examples include cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

• A carbohydrate molecule found in DNA

• A protein structure that aids in cellular function

How do guanine and cytosine pair in DNA?

• Guanine pairs with cytosine through two hydrogen bonds.

• Guanine pairs with cytosine through three hydrogen bonds in the DNA double-helix.

• Guanine pairs with cytosine through four hydrogen bonds.

• Guanine pairs with cytosine through one hydrogen bond.

What is the function of DNA?

• To provide energy for cellular processes.

• To store and transmit genetic information that guides the development and functioning of living organisms.

• To synthesize proteins for cellular repair.

• To facilitate communication between cells.

What does the term '5'' end' refer to in DNA?

• The end of the strand that has a phosphate group attached to the fifth carbon of the sugar.

• The end of the strand that has a hydroxyl group attached to the third carbon of the sugar.

• The end of the strand that is free of any chemical groups.

• The end of the strand that contains the genetic information.

How do adenine and thymine pair in DNA?

• Adenine pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds in the DNA double-helix.

• Adenine pairs with thymine through three hydrogen bonds in the DNA double-helix.

• Adenine pairs with thymine through one hydrogen bond in the DNA double-helix.

• Adenine pairs with thymine through ionic bonds in the DNA double-helix.