Genetics and DNA

Dominant allele

• Describes an allele that is always expressed.

• Describes an allele that is only expressed in the homozygous state.

• Describes an allele that is masked by a recessive allele.

• Describes an allele that has no effect on the phenotype.

An environmental risk of genetic engineering includes negative environmental impacts, e.g., reduction in biodiversity, impact on food chain, contamination of non-GM crops forming ‘superweeds’.

• Reduction in biodiversity

• Increase in crop yield

• Improvement of soil quality

• Enhanced nutritional value of crops

Classification

• Genetic profiling helps in the classification of organisms.

• Genetic profiling is used to determine the age of organisms.

• Genetic profiling is primarily used for agricultural purposes.

• Genetic profiling is a method for identifying the color of organisms.

Sugar in DNA

• Part of the backbone of DNA, alternating with phosphate.

• A type of protein found in cells.

• A component of RNA only.

• A source of energy for cellular processes.

Base pairing in DNA

• A pairs with C and T pairs with G.

• A pairs with T and C pairs with G.

• A pairs with G and T pairs with C.

• A pairs with T and C pairs with A.

Enzymes in genetic profiling

• Used to cut DNA into fragments.

• Used to amplify DNA sequences.

• Used to sequence RNA molecules.

• Used to repair damaged DNA strands.

What are genetically engineered organisms known as?

• GM organisms.

• GE organisms.

• Bioengineered organisms.

• Synthetic organisms.

A risk associated with the long-term effects of GM crops is that the long-term effects of consumption of GM crops are unknown.

• The long-term effects are well-studied and understood.

• There is a risk of allergic reactions to GM crops.

• The long-term effects of consumption of GM crops are unknown.

• GM crops are guaranteed to be safe for consumption.

Gene

• A length of DNA that codes for the production of a particular protein.

• A type of RNA that helps in protein synthesis.

• A segment of protein that determines traits in an organism.

• A molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the next.

DNA bases

• A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine), G (guanine)

• A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine), U (uracil)

• A (adenine), T (thymine), G (guanine), C (cytosine)

• A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine), X (xanthine)