SS, Section 4!

What was one of the key factors that helped scientists begin recognizing the climate crisis in the late 1950s?

• Widespread public interest in meteorology

• Systematic measurement of atmospheric CO₂ levels

• The first climate summit in Geneva

• Discoveries made by NASA on Mars

The field of Earth System Science (ESS) is distinct because it:

• Studies only geological processes

• Focuses solely on the impact of human activity

• Integrates multiple scientific disciplines into a single view of Earth

• Avoids collaboration between disciplines

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What was the significance of Charles David Keeling’s work?

• He created the first model of Earth’s atmosphere

• He documented rising atmospheric CO₂ levels at Mauna Loa

• He predicted sea-level rise in the 1960s

• He founded the WCRP

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Which two major research programs were established to study global climate change?

• NASA and the European Space Agency

• IPCC and UNEP

• WCRP and IGBP

• ICSU and AGGG

The IPCC was created primarily to:

• Develop new energy sources

• Coordinate scientific knowledge with policy-making

• Replace the WCRP and IGBP

• Regulate fossil fuel industries

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What best describes the argument of the Merchants of Doubt by Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway?

• Climate change is not caused by humans

• A small group manipulated public perception to delay climate action

• The UN created false data about climate change

• The media refused to cover climate topics

Which political development most clearly illustrated bipartisan resistance to climate action in the U.S.?

• The withdrawal from the Paris Agreement

• The 95-0 Senate vote opposing the Kyoto Protocol

• President Clinton’s veto of a climate bill

• The creation of the Justice40 Initiative

What was one key tactic oil companies used to deflect from collective action?

• Investing in renewable energy

• Promoting the idea of a personal “carbon footprint”

• Supporting international treaties

• Launching satellite studies of climate

What does the term “climate justice” emphasize in the fight against climate change?

• Technological innovation

• Fairness and equity in climate solutions

• Lowering energy bills

• Increasing fossil fuel efficiency

The Standing Rock protests highlighted the intersection of climate and which additional issue?

• Indigenous sovereignty and environmental justice

• Renewable energy policy

• Space exploration

• Global security strategy

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