AP CSP Unit 9 Exam Study Guide

What type of data is “Location: New York” in a photograph file?

• Primary data

• Metadata

• Raw data

• Encoded data

Which of the following is LEAST likely to help reduce bias in survey results?

• Surveying multiple neighborhoods

• Asking open-ended questions

• Using a single demographic group

• Increasing sample size

What is one advantage of cleaning a dataset before analysis?

• Makes the data larger

• Removes meaningful data

• Increases consistency

• Reduces performance

What is one risk of using historical loan data to train a machine learning model?

• The data might be too recent

• It may include human biases

• There will be too many data points

• It cannot be formatted

What does the “Time” field in photo metadata allow a user to do?

• Compress the image

• Determine photo size

• Sort photos chronologically

• Remove duplicate images

Which of the following describes “open data”?

• Data restricted to government use

• Data sold for profit

• Data freely available to the public

• Data collected by AI systems

Which of the following is an example of citizen science?

• A lab analyzing samples in isolation

• A business purchasing data from a vendor

• Residents submitting environmental data via an app

• Researchers modeling disease spread using simulations

Which chart type would best show frequency of values over ranges?

• Line chart

• Pie chart

• Histogram

• Scatter plot

What is the most common reason to use parallel computing in data analysis?

• To generate random data

• To reduce memory usage

• To analyze large datasets efficiently

• To convert text into numbers

If a dataset contains the values: “15 min,” “.5 hours,” “twenty minutes,” what issue is present?

• Missing metadata

• Redundant data

• Inconsistent formatting

• Encryption