AP Chemistry Unit 1 Vocab

molecule

• a single atom that cannot be broken down

• two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

• a mixture of different substances

• a solid structure made of metal

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homogeneous mixture (solution)

• a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout

• a mixture that can be easily separated by physical means

• a mixture that contains two or more phases

• a mixture that has a variable composition

Mass Spectroscopy

• Type of spectroscopy used to determine the molecular weight of a compound

• A method for measuring the absorbance of light by a sample

• A technique for separating mixtures based on boiling points

• A process for identifying the color of a substance

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS2-5

pure substance

• A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that has a uniform composition

• A mixture of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means

• A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

• A solid material that has a definite shape and volume

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

ionization energy trend

• The larger the atomic radius, the higher the ionization energy.

• The smaller the atomic radius, the lower the ionization energy.

• The larger the atomic radius, the lower the ionization energy.

• Ionization energy is not affected by atomic radius.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Aufbau Principle

• the rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first

• the principle that states electrons can occupy any orbital regardless of energy

• the concept that electrons fill orbitals in pairs before occupying higher energy levels

• the guideline that electrons are added to the highest energy orbitals first

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

electron affinity

• energy change when an atom gains an electron and becomes a negatively charged ion (anion)

• energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom

• energy change when an atom loses an electron and becomes a positively charged ion (cation)

• energy change associated with the formation of a covalent bond

Mole

• the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance

• a type of chemical bond

• a unit of mass in chemistry

• a measure of temperature in physics

Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES)

• determines the energy needed to eject electrons from the material to determine the shell structure of an atom

• measures the temperature of a material under various conditions

• analyzes the color spectrum of light emitted by a substance

• calculates the mass of electrons in a given sample

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Average atomic mass

• the total mass of all isotopes of an element

• the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element

• the mass of the most abundant isotope only

• the average mass of an element's protons and neutrons combined