U0: Psychology Research Methods and Perspectives Assessment

Which research method is most appropriate when a researcher wants to establish cause-and-effect relationships?

• Case study

• Correlational research

• Experimental research

• Naturalistic observation

In the biological perspective of psychology, which factor is NOT considered a primary influence on behavior?

• Hormones

• Cultural values

• Brain structures

• Neurotransmitters

What type of bias occurs when someone believes they could have predicted an event's outcome after it has already occurred?

• Confirmation bias

• Hindsight bias

• Overconfidence bias

• Selection bias

In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean?

• 68%

• 95%

• 99.7%

• 85%

Which perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious drives and childhood experiences in shaping behavior?

• Humanistic

• Cognitive

• Behavioral

• Psychodynamic

What is the term for a variable that may affect research results but is not controlled for in the study?

• Dependent variable

• Independent variable

In correlational research, what does a correlation coefficient of -0.85 indicate?

• A weak negative correlation

• A strong positive correlation

• A strong negative correlation

• No correlation

Which sampling method provides the best generalizability to the larger population?

• Random sampling

• Convenience sampling

• Snowball sampling

• Quota sampling

What is the primary purpose of using a double-blind procedure in research?

• To increase sample size

• To reduce experimenter bias

• To improve correlation

• To ensure random sampling

Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme scores?

• Mean

• Median

• Mode

• Range