Biology EOC Review

What is the role of codons in protein synthesis?

• Codons are sequences of three nucleotides that specify an amino acid.

• Codons are responsible for the replication of DNA.

• Codons are enzymes that catalyze protein folding.

• Codons are structures that transport amino acids to the ribosome.

What is the genotype of a colorblind male?

• X^NY

• XⁿY

• XX

• XY

What does it mean for a plant to be homozygous?

• A homozygous plant has two identical alleles for a trait.

• A homozygous plant has two different alleles for a trait.

• A homozygous plant has one dominant and one recessive allele.

• A homozygous plant can produce only one type of gamete.

What is the process of diffusion?

• The movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

• The process of molecules remaining stationary in a solution.

• The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

• The process of molecules combining to form a larger molecule.

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

• Dominant alleles require two copies to express their traits, while recessive alleles express their traits even when only one copy is present.

• Dominant alleles express their traits even when only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their traits.

• Dominant alleles are always more common than recessive alleles in a population.

• Recessive alleles can never be expressed in the presence of dominant alleles.

What is the genotype for a pea plant heterozygous for round seeds (R) and homozygous recessive for green seeds (y)?

• RrYy

• Rryy

• RRyy

• rryy

What is the function of mRNA in cells?

• mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

• mRNA helps in the replication of DNA.

• mRNA is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood.

• mRNA acts as a structural component of the cell membrane.

What is a phenotype ratio?

• A measure of the genetic makeup of an organism.

• The ratio of different phenotypes in the offspring of a genetic cross.

• A calculation of the number of genes in a genome.

• The proportion of dominant alleles in a population.

What is osmosis?

• The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

• The process of diffusion of solutes across a semipermeable membrane.

• The movement of water from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration.

• The absorption of nutrients by plant roots from the soil.

How is RNA typically structured?

• RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base thymine.

• RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil.

• RNA is typically circular and contains the base adenine.

• RNA is usually triple-stranded and contains the base cytosine.