AP Chemistry Unit 4 Vocab

cation

• A negatively charged ion; an atom which has gained electrons

• A positively charged ion; an atom which has lost electrons

• A neutral ion; an atom with equal protons and electrons

• An ion that can exist in both positive and negative forms

A phase change is a ________ change.

• chemical

• physical

• biological

• nuclear

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

aqueous (aq)

• dissolved in water

• a type of chemical reaction

• a solid state of matter

• a gas state of matter

physical change

• a change in properties without changing the chemical composition of a substance

• a change that alters the chemical composition of a substance

• a process that results in the formation of a new substance

• a change that occurs only at high temperatures

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

reducing agent

• Donates electrons and becomes oxidized.

• Accepts electrons and becomes reduced.

• Increases the oxidation state of another substance.

• Decreases the oxidation state of another substance.

spectator ion

• an ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction

• an ion that participates in the reaction and changes during the process

• an ion that is formed as a product of the reaction

• an ion that is only present in the reactants and not in the products

anion

• A positively charged ion

• A neutral ion

• A negatively charged ion

• An ion with no charge

Oxidation

• The gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redox reaction.

• The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.

• The transfer of protons in a chemical reaction.

• The formation of a covalent bond between two atoms.

Precipitation reaction

• The formation of a gas from a solution during a chemical reaction.

• The formation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction.

• The dissolution of a solid into a solution.

• The evaporation of a liquid to form a gas.

reduction

• loss of electrons

• gain of electrons

• transfer of protons

• neutralization of charges

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1