AP Chemistry Unit 5 Vocab

equilibrium

• state where rate of forward reaction is equivalent to rate of reverse reaction

• state where the concentration of reactants is greater than products

• state where no reactions occur

• state where products are formed faster than reactants

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-6

order of reactant

• The power to which the reactant's concentration is raised in the rate-law expression.

• The total number of reactants in a chemical reaction.

• The temperature at which a reaction occurs.

• The time taken for a reactant to be consumed in a reaction.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

rate law equation

• rate = k [A]^x [B]^y

• rate = k [A] + [B]

• rate = k [A] - [B]

• rate = k [A]² [B]²

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

steady state approximation

• It is used when the concentration of a species is increasing over time.

• It can be applied when the differential rate law for an intermediate is equal to zero.

• It indicates that the reaction is at equilibrium and no changes occur.

• It is a method to calculate the activation energy of a reaction.

Half life and rate of decay

• t_1/2 = 0.693/k

• t_1/2 = k/0.693

• t_1/2 = 1.442/k

• t_1/2 = 0.5/k

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

elementary steps (elementary reactions)

• proposed steps where particles actually collide

• theoretical steps that do not involve collisions

• steps that only occur in gas phase reactions

• steps that are always reversible

catalyst

• substance that increases reaction rate by stabilizing transition state, decreasing the activation energy

• a substance that slows down a chemical reaction

• a compound that is consumed in a reaction

• a mixture that does not change during a reaction

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

reaction energy profile

• A graph showing the relative energies of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction, with the horizontal axis representing the progress of the reaction and the vertical axis representing the energy of the reaction

• A diagram illustrating the molecular structure of reactants and products

• A chart depicting the temperature changes during a chemical reaction

• A visual representation of the catalysts used in a chemical reaction

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

kinetic energy

• the energy an atom/molecule has due to its motion

• the energy stored in an object due to its position

• the energy released during a chemical reaction

• the energy associated with the temperature of an object

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

reaction coordinate

• A visual representation of a chemical reaction and the accompanying energy changes (i.e., the progress of a reaction)

• A diagram showing the molecular structure of reactants and products

• A graph depicting the temperature changes during a reaction

• A chart illustrating the concentration of reactants over time

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4