AP Psychology: Learning Theory

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally triggers a response is the:

• Conditioned stimulus

• Unconditioned stimulus

• Neutral stimulus

• Operant reinforcer

Every time a doorbell rings, Molly's dog runs to the door because he associates the sound with visitors. In this example, the doorbell is the:

• Unconditioned stimulus

• Unconditioned response

• Conditioned stimulus

• Conditioned response

After burning his mouth on hot pizza, Marcus now blows on all his food before eating. This is an example of:

• Generalization

• Classical conditioning

• Shaping

• Operant conditioning

A child is praised every time they say 'thank you.' This increases the likelihood they will continue the behavior. This demonstrates:

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive reinforcement

• Punishment

• Extinction

In exposure therapy for a phobia of spiders, clients are gradually shown images of spiders until their anxiety decreases. This method relies on:

• Classical conditioning

• Operant conditioning

• Observational learning

• Insight learning

Every fifth time Mateo washes the dishes without being asked, he receives an allowance bonus. This is an example of a:

• Fixed-interval schedule

• Variable-interval schedule

• Variable-ratio schedule

• Fixed-ratio schedule

A teacher removes homework for students who score 100% on a quiz. The removal of homework is an example of:

• Positive punishment

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative punishment

After being bitten by a dog, Liam feels fear when he sees any dog, regardless of breed. This demonstrates:

• Generalization

• Discrimination

• Extinction

• Spontaneous recovery

In classical conditioning, extinction occurs when:

• The conditioned stimulus is paired with a different response

• The conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus

• A behavior is reinforced

• A punishment follows a behavior

A dog salivates at the sound of a bell, even after several months of no pairing with food. This reappearance of behavior is:

• Generalization

• Spontaneous recovery

• Extinction

• Discrimination