Roman Laws, Expansion, and Conflict

Lex Licinia

• A law that required one consul to be a plebeian

• A law that abolished all debts

• A law that established a new currency

• A law that granted citizenship to all slaves

First Triumvirate

• An official treaty between Rome and Carthage.

• An unofficial alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus to bring peace and order back to Rome.

• A military campaign led by Julius Caesar against the Gauls.

• A political movement advocating for the rights of the plebeians.

Plebeians

• Common farmers, artisans, and merchants in Rome

• Wealthy landowners in ancient Greece

• Soldiers in the Roman army

• Religious leaders in ancient Egypt

Senate

• A powerful group in Roman government that controlled laws and money

• A military organization in ancient Rome

• A religious council in ancient Rome

• A group of elected officials in modern democracies

Lex Ovinia

• A law allowing plebeians who held offices to join the Senate

• A decree that abolished the Senate

• A law that restricted plebeians from holding office

• A regulation for the appointment of consuls

Cincinnatus

• A Roman general who led the army to victory in a major battle

• A Roman farmer who became a hero by briefly serving as dictator

• A famous philosopher known for his teachings on ethics

• A legendary king of Rome who established the Republic

Second Triumvirate

• An official alliance between Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus to defeat Caesar's enemies and share control of Rome.

• A military campaign led by Julius Caesar against the Gauls.

• A political agreement between the Senate and the people of Rome to establish a republic.

• A treaty signed between Rome and Carthage to end the Punic Wars.

Citizen Assemblies

• Groups where citizens could elect officials to Rome's government.

• Organizations that promote civic engagement in modern democracies.

• Committees that oversee the election process in the United States.

• Forums for discussing local community issues.

The Gracchi Brothers

• Two Roman leaders who tried to pass reforms to help poor citizens but were killed for challenging the Senate's power.

• Two famous gladiators who fought in the Colosseum for freedom.

• Two emperors who expanded the Roman Empire to its greatest extent.

• Two philosophers who wrote about ethics and politics in ancient Rome.

Republic

• A government where citizens elect leaders

• A system where a monarch rules

• A type of dictatorship

• A government run by a single party