AP Chem Unit 6-9

buffer capacity

• the amount of acid or base that can be added to a buffer system

• the total volume of a buffer solution

• the pH level at which a buffer operates

• the concentration of the buffer components

If Q= K the system is at

• equilibrium

• maximum reaction rate

• complete conversion

• initial state

small K means mostly ( products/ reactants)

• products

• reactants

• intermediates

• catalysts

increase entropy (ΔS) when particles

• occupy a larger volume

• are cooled to lower temperatures

• are compressed into a smaller space

• move in a more ordered manner

A rxn is thermodynamically favorable/ spontaneous when ΔG is

• greater than 0

• equal to 0

• less than 0

• greater than or equal to 0

buffer

• a solution that contains a conjugate acid-base pair

• a solution that only contains acids

• a solution that only contains bases

• a solution that has no effect on pH

the 6 strong acids

• H₂SO₄

• HClO₄

• H₂O

• HCl

Large K means mostly ( products/ reactants)

• products

• reactants

• neither

• both

Heat is always transferred from the ________ substance to the _______ substance

• colder; hotter

• hotter; colder

• equal; unequal

• liquid; gas

the midpoint of a weak acid or weak base titration is approximately _______ way between the _______ point and the __________ point.

• one-third

• half

• two-thirds

• a quarter