Exploring Robotic Space Flight Challenges

Which of the following is an example of a robotic spacecraft designed to land on a planetary surface?

• Orbiter

• Lander

• Flyby

• Space telescope

Answer explanation

A lander is specifically designed to land on a planetary surface and conduct experiments or gather data. In contrast, orbiters and flybys do not land, and space telescopes are used for observing from space.

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What is the primary function of a rover in robotic space exploration?

• To orbit planets

• To collect samples and move across surfaces

• To relay signals from Earth

• To observe distant galaxies

Answer explanation

The primary function of a rover in robotic space exploration is to collect samples and move across surfaces, allowing scientists to study the terrain and gather data from locations that are otherwise inaccessible.

Which of the following is a common data collection technique used by robotic spacecraft?

• Human observation

• Spectroscopy

• Verbal reporting

• Manual sketching

Answer explanation

Spectroscopy is a common data collection technique used by robotic spacecraft to analyze the composition of celestial bodies by studying the light they emit or reflect, making it essential for scientific exploration.

What is a major challenge in communicating with robotic spacecraft located far from Earth?

• Lack of power

• Signal delay due to distance

• Overheating

• Gravity fluctuations

Answer explanation

A major challenge in communicating with robotic spacecraft far from Earth is the signal delay due to distance. As signals travel at the speed of light, the vast distances can result in significant delays, affecting real-time communication.

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Which of the following best describes the purpose of mission planning in robotic space flight?

• To design the spacecraft’s color

• To outline objectives, timelines, and procedures

• To select astronaut crews

• To monitor weather on Earth

Answer explanation

The purpose of mission planning in robotic space flight is to outline objectives, timelines, and procedures, ensuring that all aspects of the mission are well-organized and executed effectively.

Which type of robotic spacecraft is designed to pass close to a celestial object and continue on its path?

• Lander

• Orbiter

• Flyby

• Rover

Answer explanation

A flyby spacecraft is designed to approach a celestial object closely and then continue on its trajectory, gathering data without entering orbit or landing, unlike landers, orbiters, or rovers.

What is one potential future advancement in robotic space exploration?

• Use of steam engines

• Autonomous decision-making by AI

• Manual piloting from Earth

• Wooden spacecraft

Answer explanation

Autonomous decision-making by AI is a key advancement for robotic space exploration, enabling robots to analyze data and make real-time decisions without human intervention, enhancing mission efficiency and adaptability.

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Which challenge is most associated with sending commands to a robotic spacecraft on Mars?

• High gravity

• Communication time lag

• Lack of sunlight

• Excessive heat

Answer explanation

The primary challenge in sending commands to a robotic spacecraft on Mars is the communication time lag, which can take between 4 to 24 minutes for signals to travel, affecting real-time control and response.

Explain how orbiters differ from landers in terms of their mission objectives.

• Orbiters collect surface samples, landers orbit planets

• Orbiters remain in orbit to study from above, landers touch down to study surfaces

• Both orbiters and landers only take photographs

• Landers are used for deep space travel, orbiters are not

Answer explanation

Orbiters are designed to remain in space and study planets from above, providing a broader view of their atmospheres and orbits. In contrast, landers are built to touch down on surfaces, allowing for detailed analysis of soil and geological features.

How do robotic spacecraft use remote sensing to collect data about other planets?

• By sending humans to collect samples

• By using instruments to detect and measure electromagnetic radiation

• By physically touching every surface

• By relying on Earth-based telescopes only

Answer explanation

Robotic spacecraft use instruments to detect and measure electromagnetic radiation, allowing them to gather data about other planets from a distance. This method is essential for analyzing planetary atmospheres, surfaces, and compositions.

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