Exploring Atomic Structure and Elements

What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons

• Protons, electrons, and positrons

• Protons, quarks, and neutrinos

• Neutrons, electrons, and muons

Define isotopes and give an example.

• Isotopes are elements with different atomic numbers.

• Example of an isotope: Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are the same element.

• Isotopes have the same number of neutrons but different protons.

• Isotopes are variants of a chemical element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Example: Carbon-12 and Carbon-14.

Calculate the mass number of an atom with 6 protons and 8 neutrons.

• 10

• 12

• 16

• 14

What is the charge of a neutron?

• -1

• +2

• 0

• +1

How do you determine the number of electrons in a neutral atom?

• The number of electrons is determined by the mass of the atom.

• Electrons are always equal to the number of protons plus neutrons.

• The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to its atomic number.

• The number of electrons can vary regardless of the atomic number.

Explain the significance of the atomic number.

• The atomic number signifies the identity of an element and its position in the periodic table.

• The atomic number determines the mass of an element.

• The atomic number indicates the number of neutrons in an atom.

• The atomic number is irrelevant to chemical reactions.

How do isotopes of the same element differ from each other?

• Isotopes are formed from different elements.

• Isotopes have different chemical properties.

• Isotopes differ in the number of protons.

• Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons.

What is the mass number of an isotope with 10 protons and 12 neutrons?

• 20

• 22

• 24

• 18

How many valence electrons does an oxygen atom have?

• 6

• 2

• 8

• 4

What is the difference between a cation and an anion?

• Cations and anions are both neutral particles.

• Cations are larger than anions in size.

• A cation is positively charged, while an anion is negatively charged.

• A cation is negatively charged, while an anion is positively charged.