Topic 2.1 IB ESS

What is a food chain?

• A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

• A complex network of food webs that includes multiple species.

• A diagram that shows the energy flow in an ecosystem without specific organisms.

• A list of all the plants and animals in a particular habitat.

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What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?

• Producers, such as plants, convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

• Producers are organisms that consume other organisms for energy.

• Producers are responsible for decomposing organic matter in the ecosystem.

• Producers provide shelter and habitat for other organisms.

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What is a food web?

• A simple chain of food sources in an ecosystem.

• A complex network of feeding relationships among various organisms in an ecosystem.

• A diagram showing the energy flow in a single species.

• A list of all the plants and animals in a specific area.

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What is the significance of biodiversity in an ecosystem?

• Biodiversity enhances ecosystem resilience, productivity, and stability.

• Biodiversity decreases competition among species.

• Biodiversity leads to a uniform environment.

• Biodiversity reduces the number of species in an ecosystem.

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What is the difference between immigration and emigration?

• Immigration is the movement of individuals into a population, while emigration is the movement of individuals out of a population.

• Immigration is the movement of individuals out of a population, while emigration is the movement of individuals into a population.

• Immigration refers to the legal process of obtaining citizenship, while emigration refers to the illegal movement of people.

• Immigration and emigration are terms that refer to the same process of moving between countries.

What is carrying capacity?

• The maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support.

• The total biomass of all species in an ecosystem.

• The number of species that can coexist in a habitat.

• The rate at which a population grows under ideal conditions.

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Define population density.

• The total number of species in an ecosystem.

• The number of organisms living in a given area, typically expressed as individuals per unit area.

• The average size of organisms in a habitat.

• The rate at which a population grows over time.

What is the greenhouse effect?

• The cooling of Earth’s surface due to the reflection of sunlight by clouds.

• The warming of Earth’s surface due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

• The process of photosynthesis in plants that absorbs carbon dioxide.

• The increase in Earth's temperature due to volcanic eruptions.

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What is ecological succession?

• The process by which ecosystems change and develop over time, often following a disturbance.

• A method of measuring biodiversity in an ecosystem.

• The immediate recovery of an ecosystem after a natural disaster.

• The introduction of non-native species into an ecosystem.

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What is a keystone species?

• A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.

• A species that is the most abundant in an ecosystem.

• A species that is at the top of the food chain.

• A species that is endangered and at risk of extinction.

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