Chapter 9

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, what must happen in any natural process?

• The total energy increases

• The temperature decreases

• The system becomes more organized

• The disorder (entropy) increases

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Which of the following best illustrates an increase in entropy?

• Ice forming from liquid water

• Salt dissolving in water

• A gas compressing into a smaller volume

• A mixture separating into pure substances

If a process happens on its own without outside help, what can you usually say about the entropy of the universe?

• It stays the same

• It decreases slightly

• It increases overall

• It goes to zero

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Imagine someone designs a machine that turns all heat into useful work without any waste. Why would this machine not work according to thermodynamic principles?

• It violates the First Law by using too much energy

• It doesn’t follow the law of conservation of mass

• It violates the Second Law because some energy must always become unusable

• It would only work in a vacuum

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state about energy in a closed system?

• Energy can be created but not destroyed.

• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

• Energy is always lost when work is done.

• Energy within a closed system remains constant over time.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-2

The speed of a reaction depends on... (pick two)

• Concentration of reactants

• Number of reactants

• Color of reactants

• Temperature of reactants

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NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Speed of a reaction is called_____

• The reaction Speed

• The reaction time

• The reaction rate

• All of the above

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NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Reactants must ____ in the correct _____ to react

• merge, order

• collide, order

• merge, orientation

• collide, orientation

Reactants must come in contact to react

• True

• False

What type of energy is required for the initial breaking of bonds?

• Ready energy

• Kinetic Energy

• Activation Energy (Ea)

• Potential Energy