DPM, Sem1, Pharmacology 1, Ch3

Which transport process is described as "cell drinking"?

• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis
• Exocytosis
• Osmosis

Answer explanation

Pinocytosis is described as "cell drinking" because it involves the engulfing of liquids by the cell membrane.

Which of the following best describes a concentration gradient?

• Equal distribution of molecules
• Different concentration of a single substance
• Movement of water only
• Electrical charge difference

Answer explanation

A concentration gradient is a physical space in which there is a different concentration of a single substance.

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of:

• Simple diffusion
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active transport
• Osmosis

Answer explanation

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport as it moves sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients using ATP.

Which statement is true regarding the interior of a cell compared to extracellular fluid?

• Higher sodium concentration inside
• Higher potassium concentration inside
• Equal distribution of all ions
• No concentration differences

Answer explanation

Cells have higher concentrations of potassium (K+) and lower concentrations of sodium (Na+) than the extracellular fluid.

The process that moves particles such as large molecules OUT of a cell is called:

• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis
• Facilitated diffusion
• Osmosis

Answer explanation

Exocytosis is a type of active transport that moves particles such as large molecules out of a cell.

Most proteins within cells are:

• Positively charged
• Negatively charged
• Neutral
• Varies equally between positive and negative

Answer explanation

According to the slides

Which type of transport does NOT involve membrane proteins?

• Simple diffusion
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active transport
• All involve proteins

Answer explanation

Simple diffusion does not require membrane proteins as substances can freely cross the membrane following their concentration gradient.

What happens during facilitated diffusion?

• Material attaches to protein receptors on the membrane
• Material is actively pushed against its gradient
• Vesicles form around large particles
• ATP is consumed

Answer explanation

In facilitated diffusion

The electrical gradient inside a cell is generally:

• Positive
• Negative
• Neutral
• Equal to outside

Answer explanation

The interior of cells is generally negatively charged relative to the exterior due to negatively charged proteins and the distribution of ions.

What is the primary difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

• The energy source used
• The type of material engulfed (solids vs liquids)
• Whether proteins are involved
• The size of the vesicle formed

Answer explanation

Phagocytosis involves engulfing solid materials or particles (cell eating) while pinocytosis involves engulfing liquids (cell drinking). Both are types of endocytosis.