From Trade to Territory

British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called

• Provinces

• Districts

• Collectorates

• Presidencies

According to the new system of justice established from 1772, each district was to have two courts: a criminal court and a civil court. What were the Indian names for these courts?

• Sardar Adalat and Diwani Adalat

• Sadar Nizamat Adalat and Faujdari Adalat

• Faujdari Adalat and Diwani Adalat

• Mufti Adalat and Qazi Adalat

Who presided over the civil courts?

• European District Collectors

• Qazi

• Mufti

• Governor General

Which of the following judicial reforms was introduced by the Regulating Act of 1773?

• Abolition of all Indian laws

• Establishment of a new court of appeal, the Sadar Diwani Adalat and Supreme Court

• Transfer of all criminal cases to European judges

• Establishment of Civil and Criminal Courts

While European district collectors presided over civil courts, the criminal courts (faujdari adalat) were presided over by whom, although under the supervision of the collectors?

• Darogas and police officers

• A qazi and a mufti

• Hindu pandits and Maulvis

• Indian rulers

What were the main jobs of the Collector under the Company's administration?

• To interpret Indian laws.

• To lead the sepoy army and supervise military training.

• To collect revenue and taxes and maintain law and order.

• To negotiate trade concessions with local rulers.

Which Governor-General devised the policy known as the Doctrine of Lapse?

• Warren Hastings

• Lord Bennett

• Richard Wellesley

• Lord Dalhousie

What were the two main components of the Mughal army?

• Seaways and Sepoys

• Cavalry and infantry soldiers

• Armed peasants and zamindars

• Muskets and matchlocks

Who supplied the Mughals with paidal (foot) soldiers from rural areas?

• The cavalry

• Mughal governors

• Local zamindars and armed peasants

• European trading companies

Who were Nabobs?

• Indian rulers who allied with the Company.

• Company officials who returned to Britain with wealth acquired in India and lived lavishly.

• Peasants recruited into the Company's sepoy army.

• Mughal officials who lost their authority to the Company.