Test Unit 6 Counting Atoms Acceleration and Force and Motion

Methane (CH₄) reacts with oxygen (O₂) to form carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O), as shown in the equation below:

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

Which statement best describes what happens during this chemical reaction?

• The mass of methane used is the same as the mass of carbon dioxide produced.

• The total mass of all the reactants is equal to the total mass of all the products.

• The mass of oxygen used is equal to the mass of water produced.

• The reaction produces extra mass in the form of gas.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce water (H₂O) and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), as shown in the chemical equation below:

H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → 2H₂O + Na₂SO₄

Calculate the mass of water produced.

• 94 g

• 63 g

• 17 g

• 34 g

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form

water (H2O) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4).

H2SO4 + 2NaOH → 2H2O + Na2SO4

What is the cause-and-effect relationship in this reaction?

• The reaction occurs because water is produced, causing

  sulfuric acid to form.

• Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide react, causing the

  production of water and sodium sulfate.

• The presence of sodium sulfate causes sulfuric acid and

  sodium hydroxide to disappear.

• Water forms first, which then causes the formation of

  sodium sulfate.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Taleah is doing an experiment and starts with 2 molecules of water (2H₂O) in the reactants. She wants to know how many hydrogen atoms should be in the products.

What must be true for the reaction to follow the law of conservation of mass?

• There are 8 hydrogen atoms in the products because new atoms are created.

• There are 4 hydrogen atoms in the products because atoms are conserved.

• There are 2 hydrogen atoms in the products because atoms are destroyed.

• There are 6 hydrogen atoms in the products because some atoms disappear

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Two baseball pitchers are practicing their fastballs.

• Pitcher 1 throws a ball using a force of 4 N.

• Pitcher 2 throws a ball that has a mass of 0.14 kg and accelerates at 42 m/s².

Which statement is true based on this information?

• Pitcher 2 used more force than Pitcher 1.

• Pitcher 1 used more force than Pitcher 2.

• Both pitchers used the same amount of force.

• Pitcher 2 used less force than Pitcher 1.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Four carts with different masses are being pulled across a flat surface. The table below shows the force applied to each cart, the friction acting against it, and the mass of each cart.

Which two carts experience the same acceleration?

• Carts 1 and 2

• Carts 1 and 3

• Carts 2 and 3

• Carts 2 and 4

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A mover is pushing a cart with a mass of 68 kg using a force of 3 N. Then, she places another box weighing 25 kg into the cart, increasing its total mass. This added mass would _____ the cart’s acceleration. To speed up the cart again, she pushes with more force, which would _____ the acceleration. This shows that mass is _____ proportional to acceleration, and force is _____ proportional to acceleration.

Which set of words correctly completes the sentences?

• increase; decrease; indirectly; directly

• decrease; increase; indirectly; directly

• decrease; increase; directly; indirectly

• increase; decrease; directly; indirectly

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Which set of statements best shows how all three of Newton’s Laws of Motion apply to Earth’s tectonic activity? Read each statement below:

a. Tectonic plates do not change their motion unless something pushes or pulls on them.
b. The more force applied, the more the tectonic plates accelerate. The greater the mass, the greater the acceleration.
c. When tectonic plates push against each other, they apply equal and opposite forces.
d. A tectonic plate will keep moving in the same direction and speed unless another force acts on it.

Which option correctly identifies the statements that demonstrate Newton’s Laws of Motion in relation to tectonic plate movement?

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• a, b, and d

• b, c, and d

• a, c, and d

• a, b, and c

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS2-1

One of the most popular rides at an amusement park is the drop tower. This ride lifts passengers anywhere from 30 feet to 430 feet into the air, then releases the vehicle to free-fall back down. Read the following scenarios that occur during the ride:

1. Gravity pulls down on the passenger vehicle, while the vehicle pushes back with an equal and opposite force as it rises.

2. The vehicle remains still at the base of the tower until the engine pulls it upward.

3. A heavier passenger vehicle needs more force to accelerate as it falls.

Which option correctly matches each scenario to one of Newton’s Three Laws of Motion as they apply to the drop tower ride?

• Newton’s First Law: 1;
   Newton’s Second Law: 3;
   Newton’s Third Law: 2

• Newton’s First Law: 1;
   Newton’s Second Law: 2;
   Newton’s Third Law: 3

• Newton’s First Law: 2;
   Newton’s Second Law: 3;
   Newton’s Third Law: 1

• Newton’s First Law: 2;
   Newton’s Second Law: 1;
   Newton’s Third Law: 3

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

In the reaction: 3Fe + 4H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂, which of the following statements best explains what happens to the atoms?

• Iron atoms are produced.

• Oxygen atoms are eliminated.

• The total number of atoms decreases

• Atoms are rearranged to form new compounds.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-5