Final Test: Part 1

What question about the distribution of galaxies might support the Big Bang Theory?

• Why are all of the galaxies of the universe spreading apart?

• Why is the solar system moving around the center of the galaxy?

Answer explanation

The correct question, 'Why are all of the galaxies of the universe spreading apart?', aligns with the Big Bang Theory, which posits that the universe is expanding. This expansion is evidenced by the observed redshift of distant galaxies.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

What is the name of the galaxy that contains our Solar System?

• Whirlpool Galaxy

• Milky Way Galaxy

Answer explanation

The Milky Way Galaxy is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. It is a barred spiral galaxy, distinct from others like the Andromeda and Whirlpool galaxies.

Rue and Ferris are discussing two models of the universe. Rue supports the heliocentric model, while Ferris supports the geocentric model. What are the main differences in how each model explains the positions and movements of celestial bodies?

• The heliocentric model places the Earth at the center of the universe, while the geocentric model places the Sun at the center.

• The heliocentric model places the Sun at the center, with planets orbiting it, while the geocentric model places the Earth at the center, with the Sun and planets orbiting the Earth.

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that the heliocentric model has the Sun at the center, with planets, including Earth, orbiting it, while the geocentric model places Earth at the center, with the Sun and planets orbiting around it.

A student creates a basic model of the moon's orbit around the Earth. The first phase of the model is shown in the diagram. The students receive feedback from another student that it is important to include gravity and inertia to show the forces that help the moon maintain its orbit. Choose the model that shows the correct placement of the forces.

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Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

What causes day and night on Earth?

• The Earth's distance from the sun.

• The Earth's rotation on its axis.

Answer explanation

Day and night on Earth are caused by the Earth's rotation on its axis. As the Earth spins, different parts face the sun, creating daylight, while the opposite side experiences night.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

How does the change in daylight hours throughout the year support the explanation of Earth's tilt and orbit causing the seasons?

• The constant daylight length supports the idea that Earth's tilt and orbit do not affect the seasons.

• The change in daylight length supports the idea that Earth's tilt and orbit cause variations in sunlight, leading to seasons.

Answer explanation

The data shows that the length of daylight changes throughout the year, which supports the idea that the Earth's tilt and orbit around the Sun cause variations in the amount of sunlight different parts of the Earth receive, leading to the seasons.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

How can Milo and Rue model the moon's phases for their classmates?

• Color half of a tennis ball to represent the shaded side of the moon and "orbit" it around one of their friends, keeping the lighter side pointed toward another friend representing the sun at all times.

• Paint one half of different ping pong balls black and put them around a globe with the dark side always facing the globe and the white side always facing a flashlight representing the sun.

Answer explanation

The correct choice accurately models the moon's phases by showing how the illuminated side changes as it orbits, keeping the light source (the sun) constant. This visual representation helps classmates understand the concept effectively.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

What allows us to see the moon's surface from Earth?

• Light from the sun is reflected by the moon's surface.

• Light from Earth is reflected by the moon's surface.

Answer explanation

The moon does not produce its own light; it reflects sunlight. This reflection allows us to see the moon's surface from Earth, creating different phases like crescent and half-circle.

Which arrow shows the movement that causes moon phases to be seen on Earth?

• Arrow 3, because it shows the orbit of the moon around Earth.

• Arrow 1, because it shows the rotation of the sun.

Answer explanation

Arrow 3 is correct because it shows the orbit of the moon around Earth. The moon's position relative to Earth causes the different phases we see from our planet.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Which data supports the claim that all weather occurs in the Troposphere?

• The layer is closest to Earth, has temperature variation and clouds.

• The layer experiences the most temperature variation out of all the layers.

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that the Troposphere is closest to Earth and contains temperature variation and clouds, which are essential for weather formation, supporting the student's claim.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5