5.5 Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Free Association

• A cognitive behavioral technique to challenge negative thoughts.

• A psychodynamic technique in which the patient reports whatever comes to mind, without censorship.

• A method of group therapy focusing on interpersonal relationships.

• A form of exposure therapy for phobias.

Exposure Therapy

• A method that uses medication to treat anxiety disorders.

• Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid.

• A form of cognitive therapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns.

• A relaxation technique that helps individuals cope with stress.

Hypnosis

• A method of inducing sleep through medication.

• A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. Its therapeutic use is debated.

• A technique used to improve memory retention.

• A form of entertainment involving magic tricks.

Family Therapies

• Therapy that treats the family as a system.

• A method focusing solely on individual therapy.

• A technique that ignores family dynamics.

• A practice that emphasizes medication over therapy.

Token Economy

• A method of teaching that uses visual aids and demonstrations.

• An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.

• A financial system based on cryptocurrency and digital tokens.

• A strategy for managing time and resources in educational settings.

Humanistic Therapy

• Therapy focusing on the client's unconscious thoughts and past experiences.

• Therapy emphasizing behavioral changes and conditioning.

• Therapy focusing on the client's conscious feelings and on their take on his or her life right now, emphasizing personal growth and self-fulfillment.

• Therapy that relies on medication to treat mental health issues.

Antidepressants

• Medications used to treat anxiety disorders.

• Medications used to treat depression, often by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine.

• Medications that enhance cognitive function and memory.

• Medications used to treat bipolar disorder.

Psychodynamic Therapy

• A therapy focused solely on behavioral changes.

• A therapy that emphasizes the role of unconscious forces and childhood experiences.

• A therapy that uses medication to treat mental health issues.

• A therapy that is based on cognitive restructuring.

Unconditional Positive Regard

• A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude that helps clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

• A technique used to diagnose mental health disorders.

• A method of behavioral therapy focused on changing negative behaviors.

• A type of medication prescribed for anxiety and depression.

Biofeedback

• A method for improving physical fitness through exercise

• A system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension; helps individuals gain conscious control over these processes.

• A technique used to enhance memory retention through repetition

• A therapy that involves the use of medication to manage anxiety and stress