Lesson 9 Review

Radiation biology includes learning about what aspect of radiation?

• The color spectrum of radiation

• Radiation exposure and its effects on the body

• The sound frequency of radiation

• The nutritional value of radiation

Which of the following is NOT a focus of radiation biology?

• Measuring radiation levels

• Understanding cellular damage from radiation

• Assessing the risks of radiation exposure

• Studying the effects of radiation on plant growth

What happens to x-rays when they enter the body?

• All reach the dental x-ray film

• None are absorbed by tissues

• Some are absorbed by tissues, causing chemical changes

• They cause no biologic damage

Through which effects do x-rays interact with atoms in the body?

• Photoelectric effect and Compton scatter

• Thermal expansion and contraction

• Magnetic resonance and diffusion

• Gravitational pull and lift

What can the kinetic energy of a dislodged electron cause?

• Further ionization of nearby atoms

• Decrease in atomic mass

• Formation of new elements

• Reduction in atomic number

What is the role of kinetic energy in ionization?

• Causes further ionization

• Reduces atomic weight

• Increases atomic number

• Stabilizes atoms

How do free radicals form in the body?

• By absorbing sunlight

• When x-ray photons ionize water molecules

• Through the consumption of antioxidants

• By drinking water

What natural mechanism does the body have against free radicals?

• No defense mechanisms

• Natural defense mechanisms

• Enhanced cell growth

• Increased energy production

What is one way that radiation exposure can damage living tissues?

• By increasing cell growth

• By directly hitting and damaging critical structures within a cell

• By enhancing nutrient absorption

• By reducing cell division

What does the direct hit theory of radiation injury involve?

• X-ray photons heating the cell

• X-ray photons directly hitting and damaging critical structures within a cell

• X-ray photons causing cell mutation

• X-ray photons enhancing cell growth