Operating Systems

What is a process in the context of operating systems?

• A process is an instance of a program in execution, managed by the operating system.

• A process is a user interface element.

• A process is a static file stored on disk.

• A process is a type of hardware component.

Explain the difference between a process and a thread.

• A process is an independent execution unit with its own memory space, while a thread is a lightweight execution unit that shares memory and resources within a process.

• A process is always faster than a thread.

• Threads cannot communicate with each other.

• A process can only run one thread at a time.

What are the states of a process in process management?

• Paused

• Blocked

• Completed

• New, Ready, Running, Waiting, Terminated

Describe the role of the process scheduler.

• The process scheduler determines the order of file storage.

• The process scheduler is responsible for managing user input.

• The process scheduler manages process execution and allocates CPU time.

• The process scheduler only handles memory allocation.

What is a context switch and why is it important?

• A context switch is the process of switching the CPU from one process or thread to another, enabling multitasking.

• A context switch is a method for increasing the speed of a single process.

• A context switch is when the CPU shuts down to save power.

• A context switch is the process of switching between different operating systems.

Define memory management in operating systems.

• Memory management is solely about increasing RAM capacity.

• Memory management refers to the physical layout of computer hardware.

• Memory management is the process of storing data on hard drives.

• Memory management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory, including allocation, usage, and optimization for processes.

What is virtual memory and how does it work?

• Virtual memory is a memory management technique that uses disk space to extend RAM, allowing for larger applications to run.

• Virtual memory is a method to increase the speed of the CPU.

• Virtual memory is a technique that only uses RAM without any disk space.

• Virtual memory is a type of physical memory found in computers.

Explain the concept of paging in memory management.

• Paging allows for contiguous memory allocation only.

• Paging is a technique that eliminates the need for virtual memory.

• Paging is a memory management technique that divides virtual memory into fixed-size pages and physical memory into frames, allowing non-contiguous memory allocation.

• Paging involves dividing physical memory into variable-sized segments.

What are the advantages of using a file system?

• Complex data retrieval process

• Increased data redundancy

• Advantages of using a file system include efficient data organization, easy access and retrieval, support for file permissions, and enhanced data integrity.

• Limited file size

Describe the difference between a file and a directory.

• A file is a type of directory.

• Files and directories are the same thing.

• A file stores data, while a directory organizes files and other directories.

• A directory is a single file.