Renaissance & Reformation Flashcards

Front

What was the effect of the Black Death and wars reducing Europe's population?

Back

Cities began to grow; fewer workers needed for farming. People moved to towns; merchants and artists gained influence; interest in classical learning rose.

Front

What event marked the beginning of the Renaissance in Italy?

Back

Renewed interest in classical (Greek and Roman) culture.

Front

What was the effect of wealth from trade in Italian city-states?

Back

Patrons like the Medici funded artists and scholars, leading to great works of art and architecture flourishing (Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael).

Front

What was the impact of the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg?

Back

Books were mass-produced and cheaper, allowing ideas (like humanism and reform) to spread faster throughout Europe.

Front

What was Martin Luther's response to church corruption, such as selling indulgences?

Back

Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses in 1517, leading to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Church losing followers.

Front

What was the result of Luther’s belief in salvation by faith alone?

Back

Luther broke from the Catholic Church, and new Protestant churches were formed (Lutheranism, later Calvinism, Anglican Church).

Front

How did the Catholic Church respond to growing criticism during the Reformation?

Back

The Council of Trent (1545–1563) and Counter-Reformation occurred, reforming practices but keeping core teachings; the Inquisition and Jesuits increased Catholic strength.

Front

What was the result of Henry VIII wanting a divorce, but the pope refusing?

Back

Henry created the Church of England, leading to England breaking from the Catholic Church and the monarch becoming head of the national church.

Front

What were the main focuses of the Renaissance?

Back

Art, science, and human potential, inspired by Greek and Roman (classical) ideas.

Front

What were the main focuses of the Reformation?

Back

Religion and church reform, criticizing corruption in the Catholic Church.