Chapter 26 Vocabulary AP BIO

What is the correct term for a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants?

• Paraphyletic group

• Monophyletic group

• Polyphyletic group

• Outgroup

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which of the following is the correct format for binomial nomenclature?

• Genus species (italicized)

• Species genus (italicized)

• Genus, species (not italicized)

• Species, genus (not italicized)

What does a branch point on a phylogenetic tree represent?

• The end of a lineage

• The most recent common ancestor of two lineages

• A taxonomic rank

• A molecular clock

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which term describes genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation?

• Paralogous genes

• Orthologous genes

• Analogous genes

• Homoplasy

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

What is the main principle behind maximum parsimony in cladistics?

• The tree with the most evolutionary changes is preferred

• The tree with the fewest evolutionary changes is preferred

• The tree with the most taxa is preferred

• The tree with the most branch points is preferred

Which of the following best describes a molecular clock?

• A device used to measure time in the laboratory

• A method to estimate the time of evolutionary events based on genetic data

• A clock that measures the age of fossils

• A tool for classifying organisms

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Which taxonomic rank is directly above genus?

• Family

• Order

• Class

• Species

Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure?

• The wings of a bat and the wings of a butterfly

• The flipper of a whale and the arm of a human

• The eyes of a squid and the eyes of a human

• The fins of a fish and the wings of a bird

If two species share a derived character that is not found in their common ancestor, what is this character called?

• Shared ancestral character

• Shared derived character

• Analogous character

• Homologous character

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

A phylogenetic tree that includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants is called:

• Monophyletic

• Paraphyletic

• Polyphyletic

• Cladistic

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1