Quizs: Period 5 (1844–1877)

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

• Executive order by President Lincoln freeing slaves in Confederate-held territory; shifted the war’s focus to ending slavery.

• A law passed by Congress to abolish slavery in all states.

• A military strategy used by the Union to defeat the Confederacy.

• A speech delivered by President Lincoln at Gettysburg.

Scalawags

• Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party.

• Northern Republicans who opposed Reconstruction.

• Former slaves who became politicians.

• Southern Democrats who resisted Reconstruction.

Manifest Destiny

• A 19th-century belief that the United States was destined by God to expand its territory across North America.

• A political movement advocating for the abolition of slavery in the United States.

• A doctrine that promoted isolationism and non-intervention in foreign affairs.

• A cultural movement that emphasized the importance of Native American traditions.

13th Amendment (1865)

• Abolished slavery throughout the United States.

• Established the right to vote for all citizens.

• Granted women the right to own property.

• Prohibited the sale of alcohol in the United States.

Mexican-American War (1846–1848)

• Armed conflict between the U.S. and Mexico after the U.S. annexed Texas; resulted in U.S. acquisition of the Mexican Cession.

• A peaceful negotiation between the U.S. and Mexico regarding border disputes.

• A war fought primarily over the issue of slavery in the territories.

• An alliance formed between the U.S. and Mexico against European powers.

Radical Republicans

• A faction in Congress that supported the expansion of slavery.

• A group that advocated for the rights of Native Americans.

• Faction in Congress that advocated for full civil rights for freedmen and harsh punishment for former Confederate states.

• A political party that sought to maintain the status quo after the Civil War.

Wilmot Proviso

• Proposed amendment banning slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico; it failed but heightened sectional tensions.

• A law that established the Missouri Compromise line for slavery.

• An agreement to allow slavery in all newly acquired territories.

• A proposal to extend the Compromise of 1850 to new territories.

Republican Party

• Founded in the 1850s as an anti-slavery political party; Abraham Lincoln became its first successful presidential candidate in 1860.

• Established in the 1900s to promote civil rights and social justice.

• Originated in the 1700s as a response to British colonial rule.

• Formed in the 1960s to support the civil rights movement.

Border States

• Slave states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War

• States that were neutral during the Civil War

• Slave states (e.g., Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware) that remained in the Union during the Civil War

• Free states that supported the Confederacy

Compromise of 1877

• Agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 election; Rutherford B. Hayes became president, and federal troops were withdrawn from the South, ending Reconstruction.

• A treaty that established the boundaries of the United States after the Civil War.

• An economic agreement that aimed to rebuild the Southern economy post-Civil War.

• A political compromise that allowed Southern states to maintain their own laws and governance.