PSYC2001 Statistical Terms Revision

What does the term "Standard Error" refer to in statistics?

• The average result of all subjects observed.

• The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean.

• The level of uncertainty the researcher is willing to accept.

• The number of subjects observed.

What is the meaning of "Degrees of Freedom" in a sample?

• The average difference between the scores and mean.

• The number of subjects observed.

• n – 1; where only 1 value is fixed in a sample.

• The level of uncertainty the researcher is willing to accept.

In a "Single mean" design, how is the experiment run?

• Participants are randomly allocated to a condition.

• All participants do the same condition and the mean is considered.

• All participants do multiple conditions regarding the same dependent variable.

• The average difference between the scores relative to the mean is considered.

What does the "Alpha value (α)" represent in research?

• The average result of all subjects observed.

• The level of uncertainty the researcher is willing to accept.

• How likely it is that any observed difference between groups is due to chance.

• The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean.

What is the sample parameter for "Variance"?

• s

• s²

• σ

• σ²

What is the first step in calculating confidence intervals?

• Determine the critical Z/t-score

• Determine the sample mean

• Determine the sum of squared means

• Determine the standard error

In hypothesis testing, what should you state first?

• The sample mean

• The critical Z/t-score

• The null and alternative hypothesis

• The standard error

What is the purpose of determining the critical Z/t-score in both confidence intervals and hypothesis testing?

• To find the sample mean

• To establish the level of confidence or significance

• To calculate the sum of squared means

• To determine the standard error

What is the final step in calculating confidence intervals?

• Determine the sample mean

• Draw a conclusion

• Determine the sum of squared means

• Convert the sample mean into a Z/t-score

What is the decision rule for rejecting the null hypothesis based on the t-value?

• |t| ≤ tₑ

• |t| ≥ tₑ

• |t| = tₑ

• |t| < tₑ