SPS1 EOG Review Periodic Table & Atomic Structure 25/26

Which of the following subatomic particles, found in the nucleus of an atom, carries a positive electric charge?

• Proton

• Neutron

• Electron

• Photon

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Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom is composed of ______ and ______, which are responsible for its mass and charge.

• protons and neutrons

• electrons and protons

• neutrons and electrons

• protons and electrons

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Which of the following statements best explains why the atomic number (Z) uniquely identifies an element, considering the composition of the nucleus?

• The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, which determines the element's identity.

• The atomic number is equal to the number of neutrons, which determines the element's mass.

• The atomic number is equal to the number of electrons, which determines the element's charge.

• The atomic number is equal to the number of quarks, which determines the element's stability.

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In atomic physics, the mass number (A) of an atom is defined as the sum of which two subatomic particles? If an atom has 20 protons and 22 neutrons, what is its mass number, and which particles contribute to this value?

• protons and neutrons

• protons and electrons

• neutrons and electrons

• electrons and positrons

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Which of the following best explains why the atomic mass of an element is not always a whole number?

• Because it is the weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of the element.

• Because it is always equal to the mass number of the most abundant isotope.

• Because it is calculated by rounding the mass number to the nearest integer.

• Because it only considers the isotope with the highest atomic mass.

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Which term describes the specific distribution of electrons among the various atomic orbitals in an atom?

• Atomic number

• Electron configuration

• Mass number

• Isotope

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Which of the following statements best explains why cations are formed when an atom loses electrons?

• Because losing electrons increases the atom's mass

• Because losing electrons results in a net positive charge

• Because losing electrons increases the number of protons

• Because losing electrons decreases the number of neutrons

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Which of the following statements best explains why anions are formed when certain atoms interact with other elements?

• Atoms with high electron affinity tend to gain electrons during chemical reactions, resulting in negatively charged anions.

• Atoms with low ionization energy lose electrons, forming negatively charged anions.

• Atoms gain protons to become anions when reacting with metals.

• Atoms lose neutrons to become anions during nuclear reactions.

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Which of the following pairs represents isotopes of the same element, differing in neutron count, and also exhibits a difference in radioactive properties?

• Sodium atom vs. sodium ion

• Carbon-12 vs. Carbon-14

• Proton vs. neutron

• Electron vs. proton

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Which of the following statements is correct regarding the atomic structure of Carbon-12 and Carbon-14?

• Both have 6 protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

• Carbon-12 has 12 protons, while Carbon-14 has 14 protons.

• Both have 12 protons and 12 neutrons.

• Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, while Carbon-14 has 8 protons and 6 neutrons.

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