Grade 7 Earth Structures

Rocks change into different types of rocks in a natural process known as the rock cycle.

What process correctly identifies the missing process in the diagram of the rock cycle shown above?

• Cooling

• Melting

• Weathering and erosion

• Compaction and cementation

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1. Plate tectonics theory suggests the Earth's surface is divided into several large plates that move and interact. Which of the following phenomena is primarily caused by the movement of these crustal plates?

• The rotation of Earth on its axis

• Earthquakes

• Changes in the Moon's orbit

• The water cycle

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2. In the dynamics of plate tectonics, convergent boundaries are places where two plates move towards each other. What major geographic feature is most commonly formed at a continental-continental convergent boundary?

• Ocean trenches

• Mid-ocean ridges

• Volcanic islands

• Mountain ranges

The scientific theory of plate tectonics provides a comprehensive explanation for various geological phenomena. Which of the following processes illustrates the slow change in Earth's surface due to the movement of tectonic plates?

• The gradual movement of continents

• A landslide caused by heavy rain

• The sudden collapse of a sinkhole

• A flash flood in a canyon

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A group of people rented a fishing boat for the day and traveled far from land. Later they discovered they needed a compass to find their way back. Which of the following describes the force acting on the compass to guide them safely back to land?

• Gravity

• Electrical Force

• Magnetic Force

• Friction

In 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. Video coverage showing the astronaut walking on the surface of the Moon gives the impression that he was bouncing while he walked. What is the reason for this?

• The astronaut's mass on the Moon decreases.

• The density of the astronaut on the Moon is higher than on Earth.

• The atmosphere of the Moon affects the way the astronaut is able to move.

• The astronaut's weight on the Moon depends on the Moon's gravitational force.

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Refer to the picture of the satellite orbiting the Earth to help you answer this question.

According to the Law of Universal Gravitation, which satellite would experience the least amount of gravitational attraction to the Earth?

• Satellite A

• Satellite B

• Satellite C

• Satellite D

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The table below shows the data collected in an experiment comparing the growth of plants in full sun and part shade.

Marcus decides to create a line graph to show the growth of the plant grown in full sun. What would be the correct labels for the axes of the line graph?

• Full sun and Number of days

• Height (cm) and conditions

• Conditions and Number of days

• Number of days and Height (cm)

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Marcus is a geologist for a mining company. The company asks him to determine the types of rocks and minerals in a nearby area. The composition of the region is shown in the figure below.

Which method is best for determining the composition of this area?

• Dig extensively throughout the area.

• Dig a long, winding tunnel through the area.

• Take deep core samples throughout the area.

• Survey people in the area about their observations.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

The diagram below shows the layers of rock that make up the Grand Canyon.

What does the law of superposition say about how the Grand Canyon has changed over time?

• The Grand Canyon was once underwater because the newest rocks are found at the bottom-most layers.

• The Grand Canyon divided into layers of different rocks because of cracks that arose from volcanic eruptions.

• The Kaibab Limestone used to be underground but was elevated as the layer pushed upward through Earth’s crust.

• The top layer may once have been Redwall Limestone, but over time sediment continued to build up and now Kaibab Limestone is the top layer.

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