Understanding Unemployment terms for IGCSE

In a small town, Sanjeev and Stephanie are both looking for jobs. Which of the following best defines unemployment?

• People who are not willing to work

• People who are able and willing to work but cannot find a job

• People who are retired

• People who are studying full-time

Muizz has just graduated and is looking for his first job, while Westy has left his previous job and is searching for a new opportunity. Which type of unemployment are they experiencing?

• Structural unemployment

• Frictional unemployment

• Seasonal unemployment

• Cyclical unemployment

During a downturn in the economy, many companies in Ammar's city had to lay off workers due to reduced demand for their products. What is the main cause of this type of unemployment?

• Changes in technology

• Fluctuations in the economic cycle

• Weather changes

• Workers moving between jobs

Westy and Ammar are discussing the effects of high unemployment on their country's economy. Which of the following is an effect they might observe?

• Increased government tax revenue

• Higher consumer spending

• Increased government spending on benefits

• Lower poverty rates

Siwoo and IreneP recently graduated and are looking for jobs. Siwoo has a degree in computer science, but the local job market is primarily looking for healthcare professionals. What type of unemployment are Siwoo and IreneP experiencing?

• Unemployment caused by workers moving between jobs

• Unemployment caused by a mismatch between workers’ skills and available jobs

• Unemployment caused by economic recessions

• Unemployment caused by seasonal changes

Jiatong and Stephanie are discussing the factors affecting employment in their country. Which of the following is NOT a cause of unemployment?

• Automation and new technology

• Economic recession

• Increase in exports

• Seasonal changes

Seasonal unemployment is most likely to affect which of the following workers?

• Factory workers

• Teachers

• Ski resort employees

• Bankers

Dohyun and Illyas are discussing how to measure unemployment in their country. Which of the following should they consider?

• GDP per capita

• Unemployment rate

• Inflation rate

• Interest rate

In a recent survey conducted in a city, it was found that out of the total labor force, some individuals were unemployed. What is the formula for calculating the unemployment rate in this scenario?

In the city of Metropolis, there are 2 million unemployed people out of a total labor force of 20 million. What is the unemployment rate?

• 2%

• 10%

• 20%

• 5%